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Sci Revol
Scientific Revolution/Chapter 34
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geocentric | Earth is at the center of the universe |
| heliocentric | the sun is at the center of the universe |
| hypothesis | idea or assumption to be tested in an experiment using logic and observation to answer questions |
| rationalism | belief in reason and logic as the primary source of knowledge |
| Kepler/Copernicus | Sci. Rev. began w/Copernicus.Used observation & math to put the sun at the center of the universe.Kepler figured the orbits of planets were ellipses and wrote math laws describing the movement of plantets around the sun. |
| Galileo (1) Discoveries | Improved on telescope. Discovered the moon's surface was rough and uneven and the 4 moons of Jupiter. Observed Venus its phases. Realized the phases of Venus meant it was orbiting the sun. Agreed w/Copernican theory of universe. |
| Galileo (2) Conflict w/Church | Called to Rome and taken before the Inquisition and forced to swear the geocentric theory was true. Lived the rest of his life under house arrest. |
| Galileo (3) Influence | Helped to convert people to the Copernican theory. Disproved Aristotle's theory. Described how objects moved on Earth. |
| Isaac Newton | Discovered the law of gravity. The strength of force depended on the mass of the object & the distance between them. Provided a physical explanation for how planets traveled around the sun. |
| Scientific Method (Descartes) | Believed to gain knowledge that was certain, people should doubt every statement until logic proved it to be true. Saw physical universe as obeying universal math laws. |
| Scientific Method (Bacon) | Felt people could gain knowledge only if they rid their minds of false beliefs. Outlined a method of scientific investigation that depended on close observation. |
| Scientific Method (steps) | State a question. Form a hypothesis. Design & conduct an experiment. Measure and collect data. Analyze the data to determine if the hypothesis is correct. |