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Enlightenment

Enlightenment/Chapter 35

QuestionAnswer
bill of rights a list of basic human rights that a government must protect
tolerance the acceptance of different beliefs and customs
separation of powers the division of powers among separate branches of government
constitutional monarchy a form of government in which the monarch's power is limited by a basic set of laws, or constitution
social contract an agreement in which people give up certain powers in return for the benefits of government
natural rights rights that belong to people "by nature", that is, simply because they are human beings
oppression cruel or unjust treatment
criminology the scientific study of crime and punishment
capital punishment punishment by death, also called the death penalty
Thomas Hobbes *Supported absolute rule by kings *Thought people were naturally cruel, selfish, and greedy *Felt only a ruler could maintain an orderly society
John Locke (1) *Supported constitutional monarchy *Approved of a bill of rights *True basis of government was a social contract *Purpose of government was to protect natural rights *Gov. authority based on consent of governed
John Locke (2) If government failed to respect people's rights, it could be overthrown
Baron de Montesquieu *Concerned with how to protect peoples liberty (freedoms) *Three branches of government that were separate but equal (separation of powers) *Felt too much power in any one person led to despotism
Voltaire *Admired constitutional monarchy and separation of powers *Concerned with freedom of thought and expression (would defend to the death the right to free speech) *Religious tolerance
Cesare Beccaria *Pioneer in criminology *Stressed rights of the accused *Against torture and death penalty *For right to speedy trial and that punishment should fit the crime
Created by: lstreeby
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