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chapter 4 whole bod
whole body vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abdominal cavity | the cavity beneath the thoracic cavity that is sepertated by the diaphram; contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines and kidneys |
| anaplasia | the chance in the structure and orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form. |
| anatomical position | the standard reference postion for the body as a whole. Arms at the sides and palms turned forward; the individual's head and feet are also pointing forward. |
| anterior | Pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body. |
| aplasia | A developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ tissue. |
| cardiac muscle | The muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart. |
| caudal | pertaining to the tail. |
| cell | the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter. |
| cell membrane | The semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of the cell. |
| cardiac muscle | the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart. |
| cervical vertebrae | the first seven segments of the spinal column identified a C1 to C7. |
| chromosomes | The threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body. |
| coccyx | The tailbone. Located at the end of the vertbral column, the coccyx results for the fusion of individual coccygeal bones as a child. |
| connective tissue | Tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts. |
| cranial cavity | The cavity that contains the brain |
| cytology | The study of cells |
| distal | Away from or farthest from the trunk of the body, |
| cytoplasm | A gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell. The cytoplasm contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out the essential functions of the cell. |
| distal | Away from the farthest from the trunk of the body, or farthest from the point of origin of body part. |
| dorsal | pertaining to the back. |
| dysplasia | Any abnormal development of tissues or organs. |
| epigastric region | The region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondrac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs. |
| epithelial tissue | The tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands and body organs. |
| frontal plane | Any of ther vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions. |
| genes | Segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics. |
| hyperplasia | An increase in the number of cells of a body part |
| hypochondriac region | The right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs;located on either side of the epigastric region |
| hypoplasia | Incomplete or underdeveloped organ tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells. |
| inferior | Below or downward toward the tail or feet. |
| inguinal region | The right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen;also called the iliac region. |
| lateral | Toward the side of the body, away from the midline section of the abdomen. |
| lumbar region | The right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen. |
| Mcburney's point | A point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the ubilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip. |
| medial | Toward the midline of the body |
| mediolateral | Pertaining to the middle and side of a structure. |
| midline of the body | The imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves. |
| mitochondria | Cell organs (or organelles) |
| Munro's Point | A point on the left side of the abdomen, about halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip. |
| muscle tissue | The tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers. |
| navel | The umbilicus, the belly button. |
| neoplasia | The new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant |
| nervous tissue | Tissue that transmits impulses through out the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body. |
| nucleus | The central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane. |
| pelvic cavity | The lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity;contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs. |
| peritoneum | A specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera. |
| plane | Imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle. |
| plantar | Pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot. |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back of the body. |
| prone | Lying faced down on the abdomen |
| peritoneum | A specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera. |
| Plane | Imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle. |
| posterior | Pertaining to the back of the body. |
| proximal | Toward or nearest to the trunk of the body, or nearest to the point of the origin of a body part. |
| sacrum | The singular triangular-shaped bone that result from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child. |
| skeletal muscle | Muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton. |
| smooth muscle | Muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines. |
| superficial | Pertaining to the surface of the body, or near the surface. |
| superior | Above or upward toward the head. |
| supination | A movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward. |
| supine | Lying horizontally on the back, face up. |
| Thoracic cavity | The chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea. |
| tissue | A group of cells that performs specialized functions. |
| transverse plane | Any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. |
| umbilical region | The region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region. |
| umbilicus | The navel: also called the belly button. |
| ventral | Pertaining to the front;belly side |
| visceral | Pertaining to the internal organs |
| visceral muscle | smooth muscle: muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines. |
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cathy1026
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