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Middle Ages
Test Study
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Ages | period between the fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance, lasting from about AD 500 to 1450 |
| Charlemagne | king of the Franks who conquered much of Europe and spread Christianity |
| feudalism | political and social system of the Middle Ages in Europe in which lords gave land to vassals in exchange for service and loyalty |
| lord | powerful landowner |
| serf | people who lived and worked on the manor of a lord or vassal |
| manor | noble's house and the villages on his land where the peasants lived |
| chivalry | code of conduct of knights, focusing on bravery, honor, and respect toward women and the weak |
| guilds | associations of people sharing a trade or craft, intended to control the quality and quantity of their production and to protect their interests |
| vassals | people in feudal society who received land and protection from lords in return for loyalty |
| clergy | people with priestly authority in a religion |
| Thomas Aquinas | Italian philosopher who said classical philosophy and Christian theology could exist in harmony |
| religious order | group of people who live according to a set of religious rules |
| Crusades | series of military expeditions from Christian Europe to Palestine between the 1000s and 1200s |
| Saladin | military leader who united Muslims to fight the Christians in Palestine in the 1100s |
| Inquisition | Roman Catholic court established to find and punish those who had strayed from the Roman Catholic faith |
| bubonic plague | disease that struck western Eurasia in the mid-1300s, in an outbreak known as the Black Death |
| Hundred Years' War | series of wars between England and France that took place between 1337 and 1453 |
| Joan of Arc | French peasant girl who led the French to victory over the English at Orleans in 1429 |
| longbow | weapon that could shoot arrows with enough power to penetrate a knight's armor |
| absolute monarchs | kings or queens who had unlimited power and controlled all aspects of society |
| English Channel | arm of the Atlantic Ocean that runs between England and France and connects the Atlantic Ocean with the North Sea; both France and England wanted control of this waterway |
| common law | system of law based on court decisions and local customs |
| King John | king of England who signed the Magna Carta in 1215 |
| Magna Carta | list of rights written by England's nobility |
| parliament | group of representatives with some powers of government |
| habeas corpus | right of people not to be imprisoned unlawfully |