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Ch 17-18 Napoleon
Spalding Academy 12th Grade 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people | Bourgeoisie |
| Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government | Consulate |
| A sudden overthrow of the government | Coup d’état |
| An 18th century religious philosophy based on reason and natural law | Deism |
| One of the three classes into which French society was divided before the revolution | Estates |
| The belief that the earth is the center of the universe | Geocentric |
| The belief that the sun is the center of the universe | Heliocentric |
| The unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols | Nationalism |
| French for “philosopher;” applied to all intellectuals- i.e. writers, journalists, economists, and social reformers- during the Enlightenment | Philosophe |
| A system of thought expounded by Rene Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge | Rationalism |
| The concept proposed by Rousseau that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will, and all individuals should be forced to abide by the general will since it represents what is best for the entire community | Social contract |
| Heliocentric; earth rotates on axis | Copernicus |
| Heliocentric; Got in trouble with the church | Galileo |
| Heart is starting point of circulation; 1 type of blood | Harvey |
| Invented scientific method | Bacon |
| Creates law about volume and pressure | Boyle |
| Universe made of 55 concentric spheres | Aristotle |
| Geocentric; 10th sphere was heaven | Ptolemy |
| 3 Laws of Motion and gravity | Newton |
| Mind and Matter are separate | Descartes |
| Planets move in ellipses | Kepler |
| Studied internal organs, 2 types of blood in body | Vesalius |
| Creates the table of elements and the metric system | Lavoisier |
| “I believe that it is absurd that the laws, which punish murder, in order to prevent murder, publicly commit murder themselves!” | Beccaria |
| “I believe that religious toleration is very important. I believe in it so much that I created a book to spread Enlightenment ideas" | Diderot |
| “I believe that the scientific method should be used to understand the best form of government—of course, it is separation of powers!” | Montesquieu |
| “I believe that people have become enslaved by their government in order to protect their property! Instead they need to create a social contract by which the people will be governed by the society’s will.” | Rousseau |
| “I believe a state government has three roles: protect the society from invasion, defend citizens from injustice, and update public works. The government certainly does not need to be involved in the economy!” | Smith |
| “I believe that men should not be the rulers of women; everyone has reason and should be treated with equality!” | Wollstonecraft |
| “I believe that religious toleration is the most important thing of all. After all, God created and set this world in motion and we must keep it going. There is no time for religious feuds.” | Voltaire |
| 1 country Napoleon invaded for the Com. of Public Safety | Egypt |
| Another name for the 7 Years’ War | War of Austrian Succession |
| Country that gained the most territory | England |
| Device used to “humanely” kill people during the Reign of Terror | guillotine |
| Island that Napoleon was born on | Corsica |
| Name French king who was overthrown in the revolution | Louis 16th |
| Name Napoleon’s 3 mistakes (Hitler also repeats them) | British navy, nationalism, invade Russia |
| Name of the leader of the Committee of Public Safety | Robespierre |
| Name one of Napoleon’s social reforms | Peace w/ Church, Napoleonic Code, New bureaucracy |
| Oath the 3rd estate took when they formed the National Assembly | Tennis Court Oath |
| This event started the French Revolution | Storming of the Bastille |
| Three major theaters of the 7 yrs. war | India, Europe, US |
| Two major causes of the French Revolution | Political/social inequalities, bankrupt gov’t, Enlightenment ideals, storming of Bastille |
| Two major opponents in this war | Austria, Russia, France v. Prussia and UK |
| Year the French Revolution began | 1789 |
| Describe the general characteristics of the Enlightenment. When, where, how did the ideas spread? | 18th century philosophical mov’t of intellectuals influenced by Sci Rev. Mostly occurred in French salons. Separation of powers, religious toleration, social contract, etc. |
| Describe the 3 “Enlightened Absolutists.” How were they “enlightened?” How were they not? | 1) Frederick the Great (Prussia): Limits free speech/press and keeps serfs. Abolishes torture. 2) Joseph (Austria): Abolishes serfs, no death penalty, rel. toleration, 3) Catherine (Russia): equal before law, more serf and land |
| Thinking back a chapter, absolutism was the predominant form of monarchy in Europe at the time. How did Louis XVI’s absolutist rule lead to the French Revolution? How did it influence Napoleon’s rule? | Bankruptcy, disconnected from people. Napoleon appeases the people |
Created by:
rejoyce431
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