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History150 Test3
Test on 3-21-12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Social Darwinism | Application of Darwinian Evolution to sociology and politics. Ideas behind eugenics, Holocaust |
| Eugenics | Social movement aimed at improving genetic composition of the human race through sterilizing those with undesirable traits and encouraging reproduction in those with desirable traits. |
| Natural world before Darwin | Creationism. Animals were created in their current form and did not change. Earth 6000 years old. |
| Voyage of the Beagle | 5 year voyage for map making. Differences in mocking bird, finch gave Darwin his evidence of evolution. |
| Thomas Malthus | Wrote 'An Essay on the Principle of Population', struggle for survival in the natural world. Gave Darwin the groundwork for his theory. |
| Natural Selection | Organisms with favorable variations tend to survive and pass on their genetic characteristics. |
| Origin of Species | Darwin's book detailing evolution by natural selection. Experiments |
| Alfred Wallace | British scientist/naturalist that proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection to Darwin prompting Darwin to publish his own theory |
| Utopian Socialism | Idea that community and cooperation are better than competition and will lead to a perfect society. |
| Robert Owen and New Harmony | Spent fortune on this experimental community of 1000 to show that Social Communism could work. |
| Karl Marx | Wrote 'The Communist Manifesto' with Friedrich Engels. Wrote 'Capital'. Believed in the inevitability of revolution and dictatorship of the proletariat (working class). |
| Scientific Socialism | Scientific explanation to the way society works. |
| Eugene Debs | Communist presidential candidate, got about 1 million votes ,Socialist Party of America. |
| Eduard Bernstein | German politician, member of SPD, founder of evolutionary socialism. |
| Democracy and Male Suffrage | Expanded the vote to all men not just those with social standing, wealth, and property. |
| Separate Spheres Ideology | Men worked and participated in politics, women lead the house and took care of kids. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | Women’s rights convention in upstate New York. Organized by Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton. |
| Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst | Helped win women the right to vote in Britain. Used military tactics. Founded WSPU. |
| Women's Social and Political Union | Military organization founded by the Pankhursts. Members were known as Suffragettes. |
| Derby Day Incident | Emily Davison, a suffragist, ran onto the horse racing course attempting to place a banner on a horse. Was run over and died. |
| Urbanization | The growth of cities and the move from rural-centric living to urban. |
| Overcrowding and Disease | Birth rate lower than death rate. Population stable thanks to immigration. Disease spread quickly thanks to unsanitary conditions. |
| Cholera | Pasteur discovered the cause (virus), plenty of water cured, waste removal systems implemented to reduce transmission. |
| Germ Theory of Disease | Microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. |
| Miasmatic Theory of Disease | Theory, replaced by Germ Theory, stated that diseases were caused by noxious/bad air. |
| Drink and Drugs in the City | Opium use and alcohol abuse was rampant. Workers would spend as much as 25% of wage in pubs. |
| Crime and the City | Worry about the “criminal class”. Most crimes petty theft. |
| Modern Police Force | First profesional police force of 3000 men (Peelers, Locusts) in London. Were viewed a “class weapons” by the lower and middle class. |
| Crime and Punishment before Prisons | Major crimes punished by “transportation”, the pillory (blocks), or hanging not imprisonment. |
| Pentonville Prison | Separate cell system of solitary and silent confinement. Inmates could not socialize or even see the faces of other inmates. Could cause insanity. |
| 1st Industrial Revolution | Previous manual labor and draft-animal tasks were mechanized, Drivers: iron, steam power, water wheels, textile production |
| 2nd Industrial Revolution | Mass production and production lines led to rapid industrial development. Drivers: railroads, electricity, steel, chemicals |
| Liverpool-Manchester Railroad | First intercity passenger railway. Highly successful. Used for textile (cotton) industry and transportation. |
| Rise of the Railroad | Global economies emerged. Building of railroads drove demand for steel. |
| Luddites | Textile workers concerned with industrial revolution leading to unemployment. Would sabotage/destroy machinery. |
| Division of Labor | Proposed in ‘Wealth of Nations’ by Adam Smith. Separated complex tasks into single, sub-tasks that workers can specialize in. |
| Factory Discipline | Brought rules that disallowed drinking, standardized working hours, dress code, etc. |
| Mass Public Transportation | People could live far from their place of work, changed cityscapes, connected cities. |
| Bicycle | Proved demand for individualized transportation. Many technologies applied to auto making (pneumatic tires (Dunlop), metal working). |
| Internal Combustion Engine | Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz pioneered the modern engine. |
| Red Flag Act | Limited speeds in Britain to 2MPH and made using autos impractical |
| The Automobile and the World Economy | Drove demand for steel, rubber. Lead to better roads. |
| Henry Ford | Combined division of labor and moving assembly lines to produce cars cheaply and with interchangeable parts. |
| Craft Production and the Automobile | Cars were made by hand by small teams. Parts were specialized for each vehicle constructed. Very expensive. |
| Mass Production and the Automobile | Cars were produced quickly on a moving assembly line. Parts were standardized and interchangeable. Cars were affordable. |
Created by:
nikescar1
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