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midterm - WH
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| geography | The study of the physical features of the earth and of human activity. |
| specialization | To concentrate on and become expert in a particular skill or area. |
| dictatorship | A government in which the ruler has absolute power or authority. |
| monarchy | A form of government in which sovereignty is vested in a single person whose right to rule is generally hereditary and who is empowered to remain in office for life. |
| empire | A group of nations or peoples ruled over by a single authority. |
| civil war | A war between citizens of the same country. |
| polytheism | The belief in or worship of more than one god. |
| monotheism | The belief that there is a single god. |
| culture | The customs and beliefs of a particular country, people or group. |
| city-state | A political unit consisting of an independent city and its surrounding territory. |
| sovereignty | Supreme power or authority over a state. |
| Aristocracy | A form of government in which power is held by the nobility |
| Civic | relating to the government of a town or city. connected with the duties and obligations of belonging to a community. |
| commodity | any article that is bought and sold |
| Democracy | a government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state |
| Direct democracy | a form of government (democracy) in which the citizens take part in the day to day affairs of the government |
| Jury | A group of people chosen to five a verdict on a legal case hat is presented before them in a court of law. |
| Legislature | official body, usually chosen by election, with the power to make, change and repeal laws. |
| Oligarchy | a form of government in which all power rests with a small number of people. |
| Republic | A form of government in which the citizens elect representatives to exercise power for them. |
| Senate | Legislative body. the sole of upper law-making chamber of government. |
| Veto | Power to block a government action. |
| absolute monarchy | a ruler with complete authority over the government and the lives of the people. |
| Baroque | Ornate style of art and architecture popular in the 1600's and 1700's |
| Censorship | restricting access to ideas and information |
| Dominate | to rule or control by superior power or influence |
| Enlightened despots | Absolute rulers who used their power to bring about political and social change. |
| Federal republic | A form of government in which power is divided between the nation government and the states. |
| Feudalism | a loosely organized system of rule in which powerful local lords divided their landholdings among lesser lords who in turn pledged loyalty to the greater lord |
| habeas corpus | no person could be held in prison without first being charged with a specific crime. |
| Laissez-faire | economic system allowing business to operate with little to no government interference. |
| Limited monarchy | A government in which a constitution o legislative body restricts (or limits) the power of the monarch |
| Natural law | rules discoverable by reason |
| Natural rights | rights that belong to all humans from birth. |
| Popular sovereignty | all government power comes from the people |
| Rococo | Personal, elegant style of art and architecture made popular during the mid- 1700's that featured designs with the shapes of leaves, shells, and flowers. |
| Salons | informal social gatherings at which writers, artistes, philosophes and others exchanged ideas. |
| Social contract | an agreement by which people give up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos. |
| abdicate | To give up or step down from power. |
| ancien regime | Old order. System of government in pre-revolution France. |
| bourgeoisie | The middle class. |
| Continental System | Blockade designed by Napoleon to hurt Britain economically by closing European ports to goods. Ultimately unsuccessful. |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | Document written by the National Assembly which guaranteed rights to French citizens. Modeled on the American Declaration of Independence. |
| deficit spending | Situation in which a government spends more money than it takes in. |
| estate | Social class. |
| faction | Dissenting group of people. |
| Estates-General | Legislative body consisting of representatives of the 3 estates. |
| guerilla warfare | Fighting carried on through hit-and-run raids. |
| guillotine | Device used during the Reign of Terror to execute thousands by beheading. |
| Jacobins | Member of a radical political club during the French Revolution. |
| legitimacy | Principle by which monarchies that had been unseated by the French Revolution or Napoleon were restored. |
| Louis XVI | Absolute monarch of France. Executed by the National Convention for treason. |
| Napoleon | Emperor of France. Reformed France and created the Grand Empire. Defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. |
| Napoleonic Code | Body of French civil laws introduced in 1804; served as model for many nation’s civil codes. nationalism |
| Robespierre | Led the Committee of Public Safety and led the Reign of Terror. |
| sans-culotte | Working-class who made the French Revolution more radical; called such because he or she wore long trousers instead of fancy knee breeches that the upper class wore. |
| scorched-earth policy | Military tactic in which soldiers destroy everything in their path to hurt the enemy. |
| suffrage | Right to vote. |
Created by:
lizzyjones
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