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Imperialism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| imperialism | a policy in which a strong nations seeks to dominate other countries politically, economically, or socially |
| racism | the belief that one race is superior to others |
| Social Darwinism | the application of Charles Darwin's ideas about "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion |
| Berlin Conference | 1884-1885 meeting; European nations agreed upon rules for the European colonization of Africa |
| Shaka | Zulu chief who used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create a large centralized state and resist British imperialism |
| Boer | a Dutch colonist in South Africa |
| Boer War | conflict lasting from 1899 to 1902 in which the Boers and the British fought for control of South Africa |
| paternalism | policy of treating subject people as if they were children; providing for their needs but not giving them rights |
| assimilation | policy in which a nation forces or encourages a subject people to adopt its institutions and customs |
| Menelik II | became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889, played European powers against each other and built up his military in order to keep his country free of colonial control |
| geopolitics | foreign policy based on consideration of the strategic location or products of other lands |
| Crimea War | 1853-1856, the Ottoman Empire with the aid of Britain and France, halted Russian expansion in the Black Sea region |
| Suez Canal | human-made waterway opened in 1869 connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas |
| sepoy | an Indian soldier serving under British command |
| Sepoy Mutiny | 1857 rebellion of Hindu and Muslim soldiers against the British in India |
| "jewel in the crown" | British colony of India; so called because of its importance both as a supplier of raw materials and a market for British goods |
| Raj | British controlled portions of India from 1757-1947 |
| Pacific Rim | the lands that border the Pacific Ocean - especially those in Asia |
| King Mongkut | ruler of Siam who modernized the country and kept it independent |
| Emilio Aguinaldo | leader of nationalists in the Philippines who fought the United States in attempt to obtain independence; defeated by U.S. in 1902 |
| annexation | the adding of a region to the territory of an existing political unit |
| Queen Liliuokalani | became Queen of Hawaii in 1893; was overthrown and removed from power by American businessmen |
| Opium War | 1839; open fighting between British and Chinese over the issue of Britain refusing Chinese requests to stop the trade of opium |
| extraterritorial rights | foreigners were not subject to local law in specific areas (port areas in China and Japan) |
| Taiping Rebellion | an uprising in China under Hong Xiuquan; an army of over a million took control of parts of China, the rebellion was eventually put down by the Qing government and European powers |
| sphere of influence | an area in which a foreign nation controlled trade and investment |
| Open Door Policy | policy pushed by the U.S. in China in 1899 to guarantee access to China for all merchants |
| Boxer Rebellion | a rebellion in 1900 against the Dowager Empress and the privileges given to foreigners; it was stopped by a multinational force |
| Treaty of Kanagawa | agreement in which Japan opened two ports to U.S. trade ships in 1854 |
| Meiji Era | a 45 year period in which Mutsohito was emperor of Japan, the end of military dictatorship under the shoguns occurred, and modernization began |
| Russo-Japanese War | a 45 year period in which Mutsohito was emperor, the end of military dictatorship under the shoguns occurred, and modernization began |
| annexation | bringing a country or other organization under the control of another country or organization |
| caudillo | military dictator in a Latin American country |
| Monroe Doctrine | 1823, President James Monroe issued a statement that European powers were not to recolonize any parts of the Americas |
| Jose Marti | Cuban writer who launched an independence movement against the Spanish |
| Spanish-American War | 1898, U.S. fought on the side of Cuba for independence from Spain and defeated the Spanish; U.S. gained control of the Guam, Puerto Rico, Phillipines, and some level of control over Cuba |
| Panama Canal | built from 1904-1914 by the U.S. to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through Panama |
| Roosevelt Corollary | President Roosevelt issued an extension of the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. had the right to be an international police force in the Western Hemisphere |
| Santa Anna | four time president of Mexico, lost Texas to Sam Houston, fought the U.S. in the Mexican-American War from 1846-1848 and lost what is now the southwestern U.S. |
| Benito Juarez | liberal reformer in Mexico who became president of Mexico in 1861 |
| La Reforma | the reforms of Juarez with the goals of redistributing land, separation of church and state, and increased educational opportunities |
| Porfirio Diaz | caudillo who came to power in Mexico in the 1870's, led a corrupt government and ruled as a dictator |
| Francisco Madero | tried to run against Diaz to bring democracy to Mexico, was arrested and called for a revolution |
| "Pancho" Villa | revolutionary leader in the north of Mexico; promoted Robin Hood philosophy of taking from the rich and giving to the poor |
| Emiliano Zapata | revolutionary leader in the south of Mexico; wanted land returned to peasants |
Created by:
sgruszynski
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