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World Civilization
HIST 1123 Section 005
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Main power during 16th century in Europe | CATHOLIC CHURCH |
| Who started Reformation? | Martin Luther |
| Martin Luther ideas | Salvation is not earned by good deeds but received only as a free gift of God's grace through faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin |
| Martin Luther early life was characterized by? | Obsession his own sin |
| Martin Luther taught | Bible study |
| Martin Luther wrote | 95 theses one night as the beginning of the protestant reformation. He posted the 95 theses at the door of Whitenberg. He emphasize: 1) justification by faith 2) the primacy of scripture 3) the priesthood of all believers |
| Martin Luther studied | a professor of theology at the Univ. of Whitenberg |
| Martin Luther ideas were most readily accepted in | Scandinavia |
| What is the significance of the Reformation? | often reflected religious and ideological perspectives |
| What is the meaning absolutism power? | Absolute power=unlimited power |
| Bodin attempted | To determine the principles of universal law through a study of history |
| Principles of Boudin proposes | A well-ordered state are based on the doctrine of sovereignty. " sovereighty consists in giving laws to the people without their consent" |
| Cardinal Richelieu | Absolute monarchy in France |
| Raison D'etat | National Interest- power government to do anything to maintain power |
| Louis XIV | * Absolute was France * Centralizes the state * "I am France" "I am the state" * Versalles- house of the king |
| Ivan the Terrible | *He wanted to create a centralized admin. * first ruler=tsar * know as the terrible by stabbing his son |
| Peter I-The Great "emperor of Russia" | * founder Romanov Dynasty * he called himself "servant of his people" * founder Russian navy * he built St. Petersburg |
| John Calvin | * created the "institutes the Christian religion" by puting protestantism together *major figure of the reformation * his ideas diverged from Catholic doctrine in the rejection of papal authority and in acceptance of justification by faith alone, but ma |
| Pope Alexander VI | * age 25, he was appointed as vice-cancellor Roman Catholic Church, nepotism (favoritism shown to family) |
| Henry 8th | * he received the title defender of faith * He married Catherine de Aragon later * He wanted divorce her to marry Ana Boleyn; pope Clement VII did not allow anullment * Thomas Cranmer annulled their marriage * First daughter Elizabeth (Henry&Catheri |
| Treaty of Westphalia | 30 years of war meaning that Catholic church failed converting Germany into a monarquy. Switzerland became independent and separation of the united Spanish Netherlands * people became to look the interest of the state instead of religion |
| Protestant Reformation | lead Europe into Catholic and Protestants principalities |
| Ottoman Empire | survived more than 4 centuries * Osman (turkish chief) got successes against Byzantine empire |
| Ghazis/Frontier Warrior | *warrior for faith * they were seen as Gods, protectors, empire fearless |
| Who succeeded after Ottoman? | Orhon |
| What is the name of the new army Orhon created? | collactive system or Devshirme system |
| Later this army became the... | Janissaries=infantry rulers some became Viziers or Grand-viziers (ministers) |
| Ottomans dreamed... | - Having Constantinople (part of the byzantine empire) - They separated Europe from Asia - It remained in the Christian hands |
| Mehmed II | - Conquered constantinople and brought to an end the Byzantine Empire |
| May 29th, 1453 | the forces of Mehmet II were symbolic center of Christianity |
| Who was Sultan Selim? | Servant of Mecca and Medina |
| Who were the caliphs? | equals religious (messenger of god) |
| What is sultan? | means saculate power |
| Who is Suleyman (the Magnificient)? | - he became the lawgiver (kanuni) - he married a harem girl, called Roxalana) |
| Suleyman governed? | -Egypt and Belgrade (Serbia) in 1521 |
| Suleyman architecture was called? | Suleimania Mosque |
| What harem means? | forbidden |
| When Suleyman died? | 1566, then Ottoman Empired declines |
| What is Millets? | religious communities |
| The Safavid are: | Persian family |
| what religion the Safavid adopted? | shi'ism |
| who are the Qizilbash? | Militant group called "the red-heads" |
| What city captured Ismael? | City of Tabriz in 1501 |
| When city of Tabriz was captured; Ismael called himself? | Ashah (king) |
| What Sufi means? | mystical type of praying |
| Shi'ism says... | The lead must be descendant from prophet Muhammed |
| Who was the greatest ruler of the Safavid Empire? | Shah Abbas I |
| What territories Shah Abbas I recovered? | Baghdad and other territories Ottoman empire had. |
| Isfahan is the capital of... | Iran |
| The name of the army created by the safavid empire? | Gulam |
| Martin Luther's early life was characterized by? | Obsession of his own sin at the same time questioned the use of the sacraments |
| Which of the following are among the chief characteristics of John Calvin reform movement? | - He argued that all people are sinners by nature - Few people where destined to go to heaven |
| The posting of the 95 theses talked about? | the sales of indulgences |
| Raison d'etat (reason of the state) was used to | maintain power of the government to do anything to maintain internal order. |
| What are the theological points of Martin?Luther? | 1- justification of faith 2- the primacy of scripture 3- the priesthood of all believers |
| Treaty of Westphalia? | ended the 30 years of war 1618-1648 and ended the protestant movement in 1648 |
| Safavid Empire was overthrown | 1722 |
| Mughal empire of India was founded by | the turks |
| Babur from Aphganistan conquered | most of the Indian Continent |
| Humayun (son of Babur) became | very supersticious and he learned by doing things and teaching |
| India became a British Colony in | 1858 |
| Ming Dynasty was | the last pure dynasty |
| Zhue Yuanzhang(Hangwu) | Founded de Ming Dynasty by getting rid of all the Mongols (first policy) |
| Zhue divided China into | 15 provinces |
| Zhue classified Chinese people: | 1- peasants 2- soldiers 3- workers |
| Who were the Eunuchs? | dictators (castrated); they were also known as rulers |
| How Chinese obtained political positions? | to become a bureaucratic you need to know CONFUCIONISM |
| What Confucionism concentrated? | human morality and wrong actions |
| What century the Ming dynasty came to an end? | 17 century |
| Last Ming emperor | committed suicide |
| What dynasty replaced the Ming dynasty? | The Qing Dynasty |
| The Qing dynasty was also known as | The Manzhou/Manchuria |
| Who was Kang Xi? | *he was a Mongolian emperor; well educated *he builf a lot of canals and opened ports to the European traders |
| Cultural highlights (Qing dynasty) | phylosophy, history, painting, fictional narratives, landscape painting, caligraphy, poetry |
| Who is Oda Nobunaga? | first leader using extensive firearms and firearms were important for trading |
| Who were Daimyo? | * they were succeeded warrior nobles * they were powerful rulers from 10th -19th * pre-modern Japan that ruled most of the country from the vast |
| Who became a MILITARY MASTER of Japan? | Toyotomi Hideyoshi in 1590 |
| Tokugawa Leyasu was named? | shogun as soon as he got power |
| The samurais | were the only allowed to carry weapons |
| What is the native Japanese religion? | shinto |
| Toyotomi Tokuyawa brought Japan | into an isolation to any outside influences |
| The isolation was almost complete known as? | sakoku |
| Who is the founder of scientific revolution? | Nicolaus Copernicus (Poland) |
| Nicolaus Copernicus work was? | on the Revolution of the Heavenly spheres, 1543 |
| Who is Tycho Brahe? | he was an astronomer, from Denmark, known by his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations |
| What is the name of Tycho's lab? | UNANIBORG CASTLE |
| Who is Giordano Bruno? (italian) | * extremely outspoken * he could memorize a book just by reading it once * After the Roman Inquisition; he was burned |
| Giodano Bruno work? | The Ash Wednesday Supper Heretic/ Heresy *he entertained the public by talking about the Copernicus ideas |
| Who is the father of Scientific Revolution? | Galileo Galilei died 1727 |
| What are the achievements of Galileo Galilei? | *improvements to the telescope and Copernicanism * Finally after all his achievements; he was brought to inquisition and he renounce. |
| Who is Issac Newton? | * he is from Lincolnshire, England * his passion the Bible * he was a wealthiest man |
| Major Newton's work? | Principia Mathematica known as PRINCIPIA |
| What are the Newton's Laws? | 1- laws of inertia 2- action and reaction 3- acceleration proportional force |
| Newton demonstrated that... | the universe was a REGULATED MACHINE |
| Who is Maria Winkelmann? | * she was a german astronomer * she was know by discovering a comet * she prepared calendars in Berlin |
| Who is Margaret Cavendish? | * She is an English aristocrat, prolific writer, and scientist * know by her daily debates |
| Margaret Cavendish thought that... | through science humans would be monsters of nature |
| What is the capital of enlightment? | Paris |
| Who is the father of Liberalism? | John Locke (social contract) |
| John Locke's famous work? | Essay of Human understanding Tabula Rasa [ experience+ reasoning] |
| John Locke's important work? | Two treatises of Government(he provided constitutionalism) |
| Who is Thomas Hobbes? | *he is an English phylosopher (social contract) *he justify absolute authority *he believed that human life is the center of nature *he shared basic calvinism |
| Thomas Hobbes idea? | the ruler provides security social order, but in return people has to do something |
| Thomas Hobbes's work? | Leviathan |
| Who is the soul of enlightenment? | Voltaire (social contract) |
| Voltaire wrote? | 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 pamplets |
| Who are the philosophes? | they were professionals; they came from nobility and middle class * they applied reason and common sense to social practices |
| Voltaire's work? | Candide (critique human nature) |
| Denis Diderot better known by the... | encyclopedia |
| Adam Smith wrote about? | 1- free trade 2- division of labor (increase productivity and generate wealth) |
| Adam Smith's work? | the theory of moral sentiments * universe is nor a perfect machine |
| Who is Jean Baptiste Colbert? | Minister finances of France |
| Who is Jean Jacques Rousseau? | - His work titled EMILE - He won a "dicourse on the arts and sciences" - He said that a person gets freedom only when you do things for others |
| When was the French Revolution? | 1789, this was the bloodiest revolution |
| Who was the King of France? | Louis XVI |
| Wife of Louis XVI? | Marie Antoniette (madame deficit) |
Created by:
chinamienta
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