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Global Issues ex 2
JT Kwon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Stephen M. Walt | The Origins of Alliances (1987) Provided a theory of foreign policy, rather than a theory of international politics Provided an important refinement to realist theory: Balance-of-Threat Theory |
| Stephen M. Walt | Examined whether balancing or bandwagoing was more prevalent |
| Stephen M. Walt | Provided a theory of foreign policy, rather than a theory of international politics |
| Stephen M. Walt | Provided an important refinement to realist theory: Balance-of-Threat Theory |
| Balance-of-Power Anarchy + Survival Assumption = Balance of Power Politics Equilibrium (stability) between competing forces | According to Waltz (1979), balance-of-power politics “prevail wherever two, and only two, requirements are met: that the order be anarchic and that it be populated by units wishing to survive” |
| Anarchy + Survival Assumption= | Balance of power politics |
| What is the balance of power? | Equlibrium(stability) between competing forces |
| Two distinct hypotheses about how states will select their alliance partners? | Balancing vs. Bandwagoning |
| Differences between Bandwagoning and Balancing | Balancing: Aligning with a weaker coalition to counter the influence or power of a stronger coalition Bandwagoning: Aligning with a stronger power or coalition |
| Which form of behavior is more common Bandwagoning or Balancing? | Balancing not bandwagoning according to Waltz will be the predominant form of behavior |
| What are the states suppose to be balancing? | Power |
| Why should the states be balancing power? | if not they are placing their survival at risk if they fail to curb a potential hegemon - to join with those who cannot readily dominate their allies, in order to avoid being dominated by those who can Joining the weaker increases the members influence |
| What risks does bandwagoning entail? | Bandwagoning means placing yourself at the mercy of the dominant power -no guarantee of continued benevolence on the dominant power -putting survival at risk -no more independence giving it up |
| Why bandwagon? | -pursued for defensive reasons - by aligning with dominant power you could avoid attack by diverting power's attention elsewhere - offensive reasons ( sharing spoils victory)increase land -dominant forces supply aid |
| while waltz finds that ____ is more common so states occasionally _______ | Balancing, Bandwagoning |
| Who Bandwagons? | Weak states who are in close geographic proximity to a dominant power |
| why do states bandwagon? | if a weak state tried to balance against a proximate great power, it would likely be attacked, invaded, and summarily defeated |
| Do states really balance power? | Triple entente example. US should have joined with the dual alliance germany and austria hungary. |
| Does power alone explain balancing power? | It fails to explain it and instead of balncing power, Waltz findings suggest that states actually balance threat. |
| What are the components of threat?. | Aggregate power, Geographic proximity, Offensive capabilities, aggressive intentions |
| Aggregate power? | The greater the state's total resources(..) the greater a potential threat it can impose - Therefore, it isn't that power doesn't matter, it simply isn't the only factor which statesmen consider when identifying potential threats and prospective allies |
| Proximate power? geography proximity? | States that are nearby pose a greater threat than those that are far away -geography also matters -examples- spheres of influence in Latin America and Eastern Europe, Cold war alliance s |
| Offensive capabilities? | all else being equal, states with large offensive capabilities are more likely to provoke an alliance than those who are either militarily weak or capable only of defending - this variable explains bandwagoning by weak states: |
| Aggressive Intentions? | states that appear aggressive are likely to provoke others to balance against them -perceptions of intent play an especially crucial role in alliance choices -EX: ( US's knee jerk reaction to leftist forces in the developing world ( e.g Cuba, Nicaragua) |
| Name the processes of Modalities of Democratization/ | 1. from the inside of ruling coalition 2. from the opposition coalition 3. from ordinary people |
| transformation model | arranging negotiations and compromise to facilitate the transition to more political liberalization |
| replacement model? | overthrows the regime to bring about a new regime( close to a revolutionary model) |
| Modalities of how to cope with the crises | Violent crackdown transformation model replacement model |
| Gurr's Why Men Rebel or known as | Relative deprivation |
| Relative deprivation composed of | Social comparison Temporal comparison Spatial comparison |
| Revolution -Theoretical perspective composed of? | Absolute deprivation Relative deprivation Rising Expectation Theory |
| Karl Marx | -German philosopher, political economist, and socialist revolutionary |
| Along with his long time collaborator Friedrich Engels, wrote the Communist Manifesto(1848) | Karl Marx |
| Wrote Das Kapital | Karl Marx |
| Perhaps no other thinker from the 19th centuries has had as a profound and lasting impact on world history as________ | Karl Marx |
| Marxism, as it was originally conceived had little to say about _______ | international relations |
| Marx's primary purpose was to provide a critique of _________ | capitalism |
| However, subsequent to the emergence of Marxism as a general body of theory, Marxist concepts have been applied to the study of_____ | International relations |
| Marxist theories provide alternate explanations for_____________such as war | international political outcomes |
| Marxist theories give greater attention to phenomena such as _____,___________, __________ which tend to be neglected by more mainstream theories such as realism and institutionalism which tend to focus their attention to relations among major states | Imperialism, global inequality, and underdevelopment |
| A theory of change and a critical analysis of capitalism | Marxism |
| ____________ is the central element of social change. | class struggle |
| "The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggle" is from what literature | Communist manifesto |
| In the present form of society capitalism the two main classes are the | capitalist(or bourgeoisie) , and the workers ( proletariat) |
| proletariat? | do not own the means of production |
| Capitalist or Bourgeoisie? | own the means of producing the necessities of life |
| primitive communism ? | as seen in cooperative tribal socities |
| slave society | which develops when the tribe becomes a city-state Aristocracy is born |
| Feudalism | aristocracy is the ruling class. merchants develop into capitalist |
| Capitalism | capitalist are the ruling class, who create and employ the true working class |
| Dictatorship of the proletariat | workers gain class consciousness, overthrow the capitalist and take control of the state |
| Communism | a classless and stateless society |
| Who are the classes to which Marxism refers? | The bourgeoisie, the proletariat, petite bourgeoisie, lumpen proletariat |
| Petite bourgeoisie | the upper middle class |
| the lumpen proletariat | the class of economically unproductive people at the bottom of society |
| it is the surplus labor time which allows the factory owner to accumulate capital in the form of profit according to the Marxist __________. | labor theory of value |
| if workers demand higher pay the owner can maintain constant profit by: | increasing production, firing workers and hiring workers that will work for same pay, labor saving technology, look to foreign markets, |
| generally used to denote any policy or action aimed at extending a nations authority over other nations either through outright territorial acquisition or through the establishment of economic and political hegemone | imperialism |
| _____ is the deliberate projection of a states power beyond the area of its original jurisdiction. | Imperialism |
| Imperialism is often associated with, but can be distinguished from____- | colonialism |
| ________ is gone but ______ remains | colonialism, imperialism |
| mercantalist/ dynastic imperialism | during which the entire western hemisphere and much of Asia came under European control |
| "New" colonialism | during which most of Africa and part of the Far east were subjugated by Europe |
| Is it the _______ phase that has attracted the most attention from theorist seeking to explain imperialism | second |
| john a hobson | the first person to draw a direct connection between capitalism and imperialism |
| ______ wrote"Imperialism: a study" | hobson |
| Hobson and Lenin both argued that imperialism was ultimately a product of the ____________ | maturation of capitalism |
| Industrialization leads to improvements in technology which, when applied to the needs of manufacturing sector, greatly increase the efficiency of the industry | blank |
| increased efficiency usually leads to _____-- | overcapacity |
| Overcapacity | the level of production begins to exceed the level of production |
| As the home market__________ produced by capitalist, the need to expand into foreign markets becomes greater | becomes saturated with goods |
| Hobson Lenist theory | increased efficiency eventually leads to overcapacity -market becomes saturated with goods -the end result maturation of capitalism which is imperialism according to hobson and lenin |
| HLT the core problem or cause of imperialism identified by the hobson lenin theory is the _________. | the concentration of wealth that capitalism produces |
| HLT a more _______ distribution of wealth would bring consumption and production into equilibrium | egalitarian |
| HLT a handful of capitalist have so much money that they do not know what to do with it so they are always looking for | investment opportunities |
| HLT the underdeveloped world presents a great opportunity capitalist make direct investments through force if necessary called ________-- | gunboat diplomacy |
| the ________ is also seen as a vital source of raw materials (basic inputs for manufacturing industries, and later, energy resources) | periphery |
| The struggle among major capitalist countries for ever larger pieces of the world(i.e colonies) according to Lenin, is the root cause of __________________( e.g WWI) | conflict and war against these countries |
| Lenin's argument would subsequently form the basis for the________ view of international relations in which capitalism is seen as expansionary and the root cause of conflict international conflict | marxist |
| what are problems with the Hobson- Leninist Theory? | - the simple equation capitalism= imperialism= war has enormous influence but limited explanatory power -imperial conquest happened way before the rise of modern capitalism -not all advanced capitalist societies engage in imperialism |
| Explain the Marxist perspective on the state | the central thesis of Marxism with respect to International Relations is that foreign economic expansions is a necessity; without it, capitalism would collapse |
| How do we explain the enormoous gap between income levels of the North and South | capital accumulation economic surplus economic growth rate |
| Dependency theory | development of some countries' economies are conditioned by the development and expansion of other (more dominant) countries' economies - dependency means that the fate of your country is determined by the decisions and outcomes occurring elsewhere |
Created by:
connar123
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