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World History - AP r

using AP review

QuestionAnswer
civilizations change their landscapes by... - diverting water -moving natural resources -building transportation networks
nomads very early people focus- shelter (find it) and food (follow it)
Neolithic Revolution this time period- development of spoken language, ability to control and use fire, ability to make simple tools out of stone
Hunter-gather groups at the mercy of weather and food, did not build permanent shelters, small groups, few possessions
Pastoral societies domestication of animals, extended family groups, male dominated, small scale agriculture, on the move for new animal feeding grounds
beginning of civilization as agricultural societies became more complex, organized economies, governmental structures and religious organizations began to emerge keeping things more orderly
Neolithic Technology granite tools, pottery, weaving, wheels, sails, eventually use of Bronze (combine copper and tin)
river delta civilazations 3000- 2000 BC Mesopotamia, Indus River, China, Egypt
Mesopotamia land between the rivers (Tigris and Euphrates) Sumer, Babylon, and Persia civilizations thrived on its banks- Fertile Crescent
Sumer 3000 BC- Ur, Erech, Kish- major city states of this civilization- successful agriculture and river management (1700 BC overthrown)
cuneiform Sumerian writing (using a wedge shaped tool) used to record laws, customs, treaties
Sumerian achievements writing system, ziggurats, 12 month calendar, use of geometry in architecture, managed river, use of the wheel to enhance trade
Akkad city north of Sumer - rose to dominate the Mesopotamia region after Sumer's decline in 1700 BC- wrote the first known set of laws- shortly after overthrown by Babylonians
Babylon 1700 BC- overtook the Akkadians- King Hammurabi's Code of Laws- didn't last long and fell to the Kassites
King Hammurabi's Code Extensive Laws over everyday life-that dealt with major and minor offenses- applied to everyone- establishing sense of fairness
Hittites 1500 BC this group dominated the Mesopotamia region due to their use of iron in their weapons
Assyrians learn to use iron after defeated by it- capital at Ninevah, empire swept across fertile crescent- highly disciplined, but cruel- sent many into exile creating a cultural diffusion . Within a few hundred years defeated by the Medes and Chaldeans.
Chaldeans King was Nebedchadnezzar- rebuilt Babylon as a showplace of architecture and culture- spread empire across the Fertile Crescent- then fell to the Persian Empire
Persian Empire by 500 BC controlled Nile River Valley all the way to Afghanistan. built the 1600 mile Great Royal Road
Lydians came up with the idea of coined money - instead of using a barter system
Phoenicians established powerful naval city-states all along the Mediterranean- and the developed a simple 22 letter alphabet
Hebrews 1000 BC- established in Israel, Palestine- maintained a solid identity under monotheism despite frequent invasions
Egyptian some massive building projects- most live in smaller towns- predictable flooding of the Nile- stable agricultural cycle- height around 1400 BC
King Menes before Old Kingdom- united Nile river valley - capital at Memphis- led efforts to manage floodwaters, build drainage and irrigation system- unification made Egypt wealthy and powerful
Queen Hatshepsut first female ruler known in history- ruled for 22 years during the new kingdom- credited with greatly expanding Egyptian trade expeditions
women's rights in Egypt during New Kingdom- women could buy and sell property- inherit property- choose to will their property- and dissolve their marriages
Egypt in decline began in 1100 BC- for next thousand years- Assyrians and Persians conquered parts and then the Greeks occupied them and Romans finally conquered them
Indus Valley civilization river valley civ. more cut off than others, bc of huge mountain systems north and west- the Khyber Pass allowed for contact through the Hindu Kush mnts.- 2500- 1500 BC- major cities- Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro- enormous cities by ancient standards
Indus Valley tech potters wheel, grew cotton, made cloth, trade with Mesopotamia, strong central gov., waste water system
Decline of Indus Valley around 1900 BC- the major cities were abandoned- by 1500 BC the civilization had crumbled- Aryans took over
Created by: qesarah
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