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NUTRI300 Test 1
Nutrition 300, test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define Nutrition. | The science of foods, their substances, and how they are used by the body. |
| Define Undernutrition. | Failing health from longstanding poor dietary intake. |
| Define RDA. | Recommended Dietary Allowance - Intakes of nutrients that fit the needs of almost all people of similar age/gender. |
| Define AI. | Adequate Intake - Established amount less firmly believed to be adequate for everyone. |
| Define UL. | Tolerable Upper Intake Levels - Highest level of daily consumption that has no side effects. |
| Define DV. | Daily Value - Standard nutrient intake values. |
| Define Calorie. | Energy needed to increase 1 litre of water by 1 degree celsius. |
| Sources of credible nutritional information: | - Government health agencies - Reputable consumer groups - Registered Dietician |
| List 6 components of a research article: | 1. Abstract 2. Background 3. Methods 4. Results 5. Discussion 6. References |
| Name 3 immune system organs: | 1. Liver 2. Lymph nodes 3. Thymus |
| Name 3 immune system cells: | 1. Phagocytic 2. B-cell Lymphocytes 3. T-cell Lymphocytes |
| Name 6 classes of nutrients: | 1. Fats 2. Proteins 3. CHO 4. Vitamins 5. Minerals 6. Water |
| List 4 energy-yielding nutrients: | 1. Protein 2. CHO 3. Fats 4. Alcohol |
| Name 2 inorganic nutrients: | Water and minerals |
| Name 4 organic nutrients: | 1. Fats 2. Proteins 3. CHO 4. Vitamins |
| List 4 macronutrients: | 1. Water 2. Cho 3. Proteins 4. Fats |
| List 2 micronutrients: | Vitamins and minerals |
| What are the elements of CHO? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| What is the function of CHO? | Energy |
| What are sources of CHO? | Grains and legumes |
| What are the elements of fats? | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen |
| What are the functions of fats? | Energy, hormones, cell membranes, insulation, etc. |
| What are sources of fats? | Oils, animal products, and nuts |
| What are the elements of protein? | Carbon, Hyrdogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen |
| What are the functions of proteins? | Energy, muscles, enzymes, antibodies, etc. |
| What are sources of protein? | Legumes, grains, and animal products |
| What are the elements of vitamins? | Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and some Nitrogen and minerals |
| What are the functions of vitamins? | Co-enzymes, antioxidants, and hormones |
| What are sources of vitamins? | All foods |
| What are the elements of water? | Hydrogen and Oxygen |
| What are the functions of water? | Transport nutrients, waste removal, body temperature, lubricant, and chemical reactions |
| What are sources of water? | Water, other drinks, fruits and veggies |
| What are the elements of minerals? | The elements themselves |
| What are the functions of minerals? | Co-enzymes, chemical reactions, bone/teeth strength, blood clotting, oxidation/reduction |
| What are sources of minerals? | All foods |
| Name 8 functional units of the body: | 1. Mouth 2. Esophagus 3. Stomach 4. Liver 5. Pancreas 6. Small intestine 7. Large intestine 8. Anus |
| Define Tissue. | Groups of similar cells working together to perform a similar task. |
| Define Organ. | Group of tissues that perform a specific function. |
| Define Cell. | The living basis for plant and animal organization. |
| Define Epithelial Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Cells that cover the inside and outside of the body's surface. Functions - Absorb nutrients, secrete important substances, and remove waste |
| Define Connective Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Supports and protects body via structures. Functions - Stores fat, produces blood cells |
| Define Muscle Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Relaxes and contracts Functions - Permits movement |
| Define Nervous Tissue and its functions. | Definition - Found in brain and spinal cord Functions - Transmits nerve impulses |
| Define Sickle Cell Anemia. | Genetic disease that creates incorrect red blood cells. |
| What nutrients should vegetarians focus on? | Proteins, calcium, iron, zinc, and vitamin B12. |
| Define lipoprotein. | Compound in blood containing core of fat and shell of protein, phospholipids, and cholesterol. |
| Define Lipoprotein Lipase. | Enzyme attached to Endothelial cells. |
| Define Hydrolsis. | When a compound is broken down by water. |
| Define Condensation. | A bond is formed between two molecules by eliminating a smaller molecule. |
| What are the 3 forms of Motility? | 1. Peristaltic waves 2. Segmentation 3. Sphincters |
| Define Peristaltic Waves. | Wave-like muscle contractions that pushes food down the GI tracts for digestion and then absorption. |
| Define Segmentation. | Mixing motion over length of digestive tract. |
| Define Sphincters. | Circular muscles that relax and contract to control flow. |
| List 3 forms of Absorption. | 1. Passive 2. Facilitated 3. Active |
| Define Passive Diffusion. | Material moves from high concentrated to low concentrated area. |
| Define Facilitate Diffusion. | Passive transport via integral proteins. |
| Define Active Transport. | Movement of substance against its concentration gradient. |
| List factors that predict heart disease. | -Diet -Weight -Exercise -Age -Genetics -Gender -Blood Pressure |
| List effects of low protein intake. | -Weight loss -Muscle and fat loss -Growth impairment -Fatty liver |
| What are 2 complex CHO? | Starch and Glycogen |
| What are 2 simple CHO? | -Monosaccharides -Disaccharides |
| List 3 classifications of Monoaccharides. | 1. Glucose 2. Fructose 3. Galactose |
| List 3 classifications of Disaccharides. | 1. Maltose 2. Lactose 3. Sucrose |
| What is the cause of Ketosis? | Incomplete fatty acid oxidation forms too many keytone bodies. |
| Define Hydrogenation. | Addition of Hydrogen to a carbon-carbon bond. |
| Define Hepatic Portal Vein. | Vein that drains the liver. |
| Define Enterohepatic Circulation. | Recycling of compounds between small intenstine and liver. |
| List 3 categories of fats. | 1. Triglycerides 2. Phospholipids 3. Sterols |
| List 3 groups of protein quality. | Complete - animal Incomplete - plant Complementary - combined plants |
Created by:
whenthefoxgrins
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