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Chp. 1 the body
Chp. 1 Organization and general plan of the body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| _______ is the study of body structures which includes size, shape, composition and even coloration. | anatomy |
| physiology is the study of how the body _______. | functions |
| pathophysiology is the study of _________ of functioning. | disorders |
| with __________ iron in the diet, there will not be enough iron in the hemoglobin of RBC's resulting in iron deficiency. | insufficient |
| what is disease? | a disorder or disruption of normal body functioning. |
| _________ are the procedures used to identify the cause and nature of a persons illness. | diagnosis |
| the human body is organized into __________ and _________ levels of increasing complexity. | structural, functional |
| the body is a container of __________. | chemicals |
| the chemicals in the body can be divided up in to two categories. what are they? | inorganic chemicals and organic chemicals |
| inorganic chemicals are usually ______ __________ made of one or two elements other than carbon. | simple molecules |
| name two examples of inorganic chemicals? | water and oxygen |
| organic chemicals are often very _________ and ____________ contain the elements carbon and hydrogen. | complex, always |
| the __________ living units of structure and function are cells. | smallest |
| the human body consists of more than _____ (number) different types of cells. | 200 |
| a _______ is a group of cells with similar structure and function. | tissue |
| groups of _________ cells work together to perform a specific function. | similar |
| _________ tissue over or line the body surfaces. | epithelial |
| the outer layer of skin and ______ _______ are examples of epithelial tissue. | sweat glands |
| connective tissues __________ and _________ parts of the body. | connect, support |
| some connective tissue ________ or stores materials. | transports |
| muscles tissues are specialized for ___________, which brings about movement. | contraction |
| _______ tissues are specialized to generate and transmit electrochemical impulses that regulate body functions. | nerve |
| an ______ is a group of tissues precisely arranged to accomplish specific function. | organ |
| give three examples of organs. | liver, lungs, kidneys |
| the stomach is lined with ________ tissue that secretes gastric juice for digestion. | epithelial |
| nerve tissue carries ________ that increase or decrease contractions in the stomach. | impulses |
| an _______ ______ is a group of organs that all contribute to a particular function. | organ system |
| there are 11 organ systems. what are they? | integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, circulatory, lymphatic, respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive. |
| integumentary is a _________ to pathogens and chemicals. | barrier |
| _________ supports the body | skeletal |
| muscular moves the _________. | skeleton |
| nervous interprets _________ info and regulates body functions. | sensory |
| ____________ regulates body functions by means of hormones and day to day metabolism. | endocrine |
| circulatory transports ________ and nutrients. | oxygen |
| _________ returns tissue fluid to the blood and destroys _______ that enter the body to provide immunity. | lymphatic, pathogens |
| ___________ exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between air and blood. | respiratory |
| digestive ___________ food to simple _______ that can be absorbed and used by the body. | changes, chemicals |
| ________ removes ______ from the blood and reulates volume and pH of blood and tissue fluid. | urinary, waste |
| reproductive produces _______ or _______ and in women, provides a site for the developing fetus. | eggs, sperm |
| metabolism is all of the ___________ ____________ and physical processes that take place withing the body. | chemical reactions |
| metabolism includes ________, ___________, reacting and __________. | growing, repairing, reproducing |
| metabolism means ______. | change |
| __________ rate is the speed at which the body produces energy and heat. | metabolic |
| a person who is in good health may be in a state of ___________. | homeostasis |
| homeostasis reflects the ______ of the body to ________ a relatively stable metabolism. | ability, maintain |
| what is negative feedback mechanism? | a control system in which a stimulus initiates a response that reverses or reduces the stimulus, thereby stopping the response until the stimulus occurs again. |
| the hormone __________ regulates the metabolic rate of the body. | thyroxine |
| as metabolic rate ___________, the hypothalamus and pituitary gland secrete hormones to stimulate the thyroid gland. | decreases |
| what is positive feedback mechanism? | a control system that requires an external even to stop or reverse the stimulus. |
| __________ stimulates contraction of the uterine muscle, which causes more stretching of the cervix to enable child birth. | oxytocin |
| femoral always refers to the ______. | thigh |
| ________ always refers to the upper arm. | brachial |
| pulmonary refers to the _______. | lungs |
| when describing relative locations, the body is always assumed to be in ___________ position. | anatomic |
| what is anatomic position? | standing upright facing forward, arms at the sides with palms forward and the feet slightly apart. |
| the body has two major cavities. what are they? | dorsal and ventral |
| the ______ cavity contains the __________________ (CNS) and consists of the cranial cavity and the vertebral cavity. | dorsal, central nervous system |
| the membranes that line the spinal cavity are called __________. | meninges |
| the ventral cavity consists of two compartments. what are they? | the thoracic and abdominal cavity |
| what does the thoracic cavity include? | the heart and lungs. |
| the membranes of the thoracic cavity are called __________ ___________. | pleural membranes |
| the heart has its own set of membranes called __________ membranes. | pericardial |
| what does the abdominal cavity include? | the liver, stomach and intestines |
| the membranes of the abdominal cavity are called the _____________ which covers the entire abdominal wall and the ____________ which folds around and covers the outer surfaces of the abdominal organs.. | peritoneum and mesentary |
| the _______ cavity is inferior to the abdominal cavity. | pelvic |
| a _____ is an imaginary flat surface that separates two portions of the body or organ. | plane |
| ________ section is a plane from side to side which seperates the body into front and back portions. | frontal |
| _____ section is from front to back seperating the body into right and left. | sagittal |
| cross sectional is a plane ____________ to the long axis of an organ. | perpendicular |
| ___________ section is a plane along the oong axis of an organ. | longitudinal |
| transverse section is a _________plane that seperates the body into upper and lower portions. | horizontal |
| there are 4 quadrants of the abdomen. what are they? | right upper quadrant, left upper, right lower and left lower quadrants |
| the abdomen can also be separated into 9 regions. what are they? | right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric and left iliac regions |
Created by:
long2010
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