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Chapt 9 Q & A
Pharmacology & Med Admin Q&A
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Whats is pharmacology? | The study of drugs and their effects on the human body |
| The MA is responsibile for _____________ Medications Order | Reading |
| The MA is responsible for ____________ medications. | Administering |
| The MA should always be aware of the _____ effects. | Side |
| The MA should be able to _________ side effects | Reconize |
| When administering medications perscribed to the patient, the MA should review any _______ with the patient | Instructions |
| What does the term "PROPHYLACTIC" mean? | Prevents |
| ______________ refers to the time and process whereby a drug reaches the cells and produces the desired action. | Absorption |
| Why are oral tablets absorbed slowly? | Digestion must take place first, before medication is absorbed in the blood stream |
| Does Oral Medication pass through the digestive quicker or slower. | Quicker |
| Which is the fastest way that medication is absorbed immediately into the bloodstream? | Intravenous |
| Where does abosorption take place? | In the STOMACH - Small Intestine |
| Drug __________ refers to the circulation of the absorbed drug through the body? | Drug Distrubution |
| Drug _________ or processing, takes place in the liver before or after entering the bloodstream. | Drug Metabolism |
| _________ of the inactivated products of medication in the system is performed mostly by the kidneys, intestinal tract,lungs, and skin | Excretion |
| What is the function of Therapeutic Drugs | Treats and Relieve Symptoms |
| What is the function of Diagnostic drugs | Assists in the diagnosis of disease |
| What is the function of Curative Drugs | Intervenes in the disease process and improves the quality of life |
| What is the function of Replacement Drugs | Restores a normal body substance |
| What is the function of Preventive or Prophylactic drugs | MAINTAIN a healthy state by PREVENTING disease |
| __________ are effects generated by the medication other than the intended or desired effects. | SIDE EFFECTS |
| A ____ drug can only be obtained with a written perscription from a licensed physician | PRESCRIPTION DRUG |
| A _____ Drug can be purchased without a perscription for self medicatio. | OTC - Over-The-Counter Medication |
| Name some common OTC drugs? | Aspirin, Tylenol, Motrin, Aleve |
| Where do drugs come from? | Plants-Animals and Minerals or Manufactures |
| The quality and safety of nonprescription substances are controlled by who? | The FDA |
| What does NOMENCLATURE mean? | The way drugs are named |
| What is a PDR? | Physicians Desk Refrence |
| Who often is the PDR published? | Annually |
| Where does DISTRIBUTION take place at? | Via the blood stream |
| Where does METABOLISM of drugs take place? | Takes place in the LIVER before or after entering the blood stream |
| Where does EXCRETION of drugs take place? | The Kidneys, Intestinal Tract,Lungs and Skin |
| An English Bacteriologist accidently discovered that a mold growing on a culture of disease-causing bacteria was killing the bacteria. What was his name? | Alexander Fleming |
| What did his accidental discovery lead to? | Development of Penicillin |
| T/F - Is it important that you ask all patients if they are taking OTC drugs? | Yes it is |
| What substance originally derived from the pancreas of pigs an cows, was discovered in the 1920's to be effective in the treatment of diabetes is called what? | Insulin |
| What are 5 factors that affect absorption? | 1) Concentration of drug 2)Frequency of drug 3)Food-Drug interactions 4)Drug to Drug Interactions 5)Absorption Rate |
| Adverse reactions to medications may be classified as what? | Side effects - Toxic Effects or Idiosyncratic reactions |
| ________ results from prescription overdose, accidental overdose,alergic reactions, interactions between 2 or more drugs taken at the same time. | Toxic Effects |
| What is Idiosyncratic reactions? | Reactions that cannot be explained or predicted and may be genetically determined. |
| What is the most common contraindication? | Pregnancy |
| How are drugs classified? | They are classified according to function and the area of th ebody they effect. |
| What is the CNS? | Central Nervous System |
| The CNS is composed of ? | The brain and the spinal cord |
| What is the PNS? | Peripheral Nervous System |
| What makes up the PNS? | All nervous system structures outside the brain and spinal cord and includes 12 pairs of crainal nerves. |
| The autonomic system is made up of 2 divisions, what are they? | Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| What does the Sympathetic Nervous System do? | Initiates the body's response to threat or danger (often referred to as "FIGHT OR FLIGHT") |
| What does the PARA Sympathetic Nervous System do? | It applies the "BRAKES" to bring the body functioning back to normal. |
| What is the SYMPATHETIC NERVOUSE SYSTEM TERMED? | Cholinergic |
| What is the PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM TERMED? | ANTI-CHOLINERGIC |
| What are the NEUROTRANSMITTERS called in the ANS | Epinephrine - Norepinephrne-acetylcholine |
| What is the ANS reaction within the VESSELS when given a ADRENERGIC AGONISTS-SYMPATHOMIMETICS | The vessels CONSTRICT |
| What happens when a CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS is given | DILATES |
| What happens to the heart when a Adrenergic Agonists (Sympathomimetics) is given | Speeds up rate and increases contractility |
| What happens to the heart when a Cholinergic (Parasympathomimetics) is given | Slows down rate and decreases contractility |
| What happens to the Respiratory System when a Adrenergice is given | Bronchioles constricts |
| What happens to the respiratory system when a cholinergic (para) is given | Dilates bronchioles |
| When a adrenergic (symp) agonists is given the GI Tracts reacts how? | Peristalsis slows down |
| When a cholinergic (para) is given the GI Tract reacts how? | Peristalsis increased |
| When a adrenergic (symp) is administer the Urinary Tract reacts how? | The bladder relaxes and the sphincter contracts |
| When a cholinergic agonists is admiistered the Urinary Tract reacts how? | Contracts the bladder and relaxes the sphincter |
| When given a adrenergic (symp) is administer the Eyes react how | Pupils Dilate |
| What is MYDRAISIS? | When the PUPILS DILATE |
| What reactions does the eyes have when given a Cholinergic (para) | Pupils CONSTRICT |
| What is MYOSIS? | When the Pupils CONSTRICT |
| What does ACETYCHOLINE main job to do | Restores body systems to normal function (HOUSEKEEPING AGENT0 |
| What are ANALGESICS | Drugs that help to reduce pain without altering level of consiousness |
| How do they work? | By blocking the transmission of pain impulses to the brain |
| Narcotic Analgesics such as morphoine, demoral oxycontin main functions are to do what? | Releives SEVERE PAIN,such as Postoperative-myocardial-pain from trauma |
| Non-Narcotic Analgesics or Non-Opioid such as acetaminophen, aspirin main function is to do what? | Relieves MINOR PAIN |
| What does ANYIPYRETIC MEAN | Fever Reducing |
| Anesthetic medications are available in 2 forms, what are they? | General Anesthetic and Local Anesthetic |
| What is GENERAL ANESTHETIC? | It ACHIEVES TOTAL LOSS OF SENSATION - INCLUDING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS |
| What is LOCAL ANESTHETIC? | It provides TEMPORARY LOSS OF SENSATION from specific area of the body. |
| What does vasoconstrictors such as Norepinephrine or epinephrine do? | Treats shock; it primary action is constriction of vessels |
| What does vasodilators such as nitroglycerin do? | Treats ANGINA and HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS. |
| Decongestions such as Afrin and Sudafeds main function is? | Used to constrict nasal membranes to open air passageways |
| Expectorants such as Robotussin do what? | Increases repiratory secretion and liquefies secretions to make it easier to cough up |
| What is a DIURETICS main function | It is used to treat FLUID BUILD UP in CHF (Congestive Heart Failure) and Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) |
| What is NSAID's | NON STEROID ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS |
| Can ANTIINFLAMMATORY drugs be Corticosteroids and NSAIDs | Yes |
| When are corticosteroids prescribed? | When the inflammatory process is severe and immideiate reversal of the condition is indicated |
| Why are they avoided whenever possible? | Because they have serious side effects |
| NSAIDs do what? | help to relieve common inflammation, including arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions |
| What are Cardiovascular drugs prescribed for? | to treat conditions of the heart and blood vessels |
| Cardiovascular drugs include | Glycosides, antiarrythmics agents,anticoagulants vasodialators, and antihypertension |
| What are ANTIINFECTIVE AGENTS used for? | To treat infections caused by bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi |
| What test is often performed to determine the OPTIMUM Drug for a particular infective microorganism | CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY TEST |
| Some RESPIRATORY Drugs include..... | Anithistamines, Expectorants, broncodilators, dcongestants |
| What does Antihistamines help to relieve? | NASAL CONGESTION |
| Which system is the most widely used measurement system today? | Metric System |
| 1 Kilogram (kg) = what? | 2.2 pounds (lb) |
| 1 Kilgram (kg) = | 1000 grams (gm) |
| 1 Gram = | 1000 milligrams (mg) |
| 1 milligram (mg) = | 1000 micrograms (mcg) |
| 1 inch (in) | 2.5 centimetes (cm) |
| 1 liter (L) | 1000 Milliliters (ml) or 1000 cubic centimeters (cc) |
| 1 Milliliter (ml) | 15 minims |
| Is "CC" = to "ml" | YES THEY ARE THE SAME |
| 1000 ML = | 4 CUPS OR 1 QT |
| 500 ML = | 1PT |
| 30 ML = | 1 FL OZ |
| 15 ML = | 1 TBLSP |
| 5 ML = | 1 TSP |
| 1 ML = | 15 DROPS |
| What does YOUNGS-CLARKS-FRIEDS methods of calculation determines? | To determine what percentage of an adult dose was appropriate for a child |
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