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Gabby 946-972
Ap World Key Terms 946-972
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| nationalism | The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently rather than collectively, emphasizing nation rather than international goals |
| imperialism | Extending a nations authority over another nations economy/politics (new driving force behind Latin American revolutions) |
| militarism | predominance of armed forces in the administration/policy of a state (Japan during WWII) |
| Afrikaners | An Afrikaans-speaking South African of European ancestry, especially one descended from 17th-century Dutch settlers. |
| Alliance for Progress | U.S. assistance program for Latin America to counter revolutionary politics (1961) |
| apartheid | When Dutch Afrikaners were given control by the British and they practiced apartheid, or extreme racial segregation. |
| ayatollah | religious teachers that oppose secular views, ex: Ayatollah Khomeini, Islamic fundamentalist who played a pivotal role in the Iranian Revolution. |
| Berlin Wall | symbol of the iron curtain (separate East Berlin from West), prevented East Berliners access to the West came down in 1989. |
| brinkmanship | introduced during Cold War,policy or practice,especially in international politics and foreign policy, pushing a dangerous situation to the brink of disaster in order to achieve the most advantageous outcome by forcing the opposition to make concessions |
| coalition | Alliance between entities.US used diplomacy to create a wide coalition of support.Post Cold war alliances and coalition were always shifting.OPEC is most successful coalition in history.After WWII a coalition government in China was encouraged,communists |
| Cold War | US(democracy)vs. Soviet Union(totalitarian communist).Lasted nearly 50 years,1945-1990’s.US and Soviets vied for global domination and tried to pull the rest of the world into war.Arms race between the two nations |
| collectivization | Part of Stalin’s Five Year Plans. HE took over private farms and combined them into state-owned enterprises and created large, nationalized factories. |
| containment | Where the US prevented the spread of Communism by establishing the Truman Doctrine to aid nations threatened by communism. |
| Cuban Missile Crisis | In 1962 Soviets were installing their missiles in Cuba and Pres Kennedy established a naval blockade around Cuba. If the missiles were launched the US would retaliate against the Soviet Union. The Soviets backed down and Americans promised not to invade C |
| Cultural Revolution | Goal to discourage privileged ruling class from forming,instituted reforms that erased any influence from the West, intellectuals sent to collective farms for “cultural restraining”,political dissidents were imprisoned or killed.Mao’s Little Red Book beca |
| Five Year Plans | Stalin discarded the New Economic Policy (NEP) of Russia and imposed the Five Year Plans and collectivization played a huge part. |
| Geneva Conference | After France lost the battle at Dien Bien Phu, they signed the treaty in 1954. Nations of Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam were created and Vietnam was divided into north/south – elections in a 2 years |
| glasnost | When Mikhail Gorbachev came to power in the Soviet Union in 1985, he instituted policies of glasnost or openness and urged a perestroika (restructuring) of the soviet economy. |
| Government of India Act | Created in India in 1935 after Ghandi was jailed and it increased suffrage/provincial gov’t to Indian leaders |
| Great Leap Forward | Late 1950’s,implented by Mao,huge communes created to catapult revolution towards goal of true Marxist state.Local govts,couldn’t produce ridiculous amount of agricultural quotas demanded by central govt,lied about production,lead to starvation and deaths |
| Guomindang | The Chinese Nationalist Party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1919, it drew support mainly from local warlords. It initially formed an alliance with Communists in 1924, and after 1925 was dominated by Chiang Kai-shek. |
| Iron Curtain | After WWII, Winston Churchill coined the phrase to describe the division between free and Communist societies that was occurring in Europe |
| Korean Conflict | Korean War was fought from 1950 to 1953. The North was supported by USSR and later People’s Republic of China while the South was supported by U.S. and small United Nations force. The war ended in stalemate,with Korea still divided into North and South. |
| kulaks | Russian agricultural entrepreneurs who used the Stolypin reforms to increase agricultural production and buy more land |
| Marshall Plan | Program of substantial loans given by U.S.to Western Europe in 1947,designed to aid in rebuilding efforts after war’s devastation. Also an attempt by U.S.to stop Communism(if countries were economically propped up they would be less likely to turn Communi |
| New Economic Policy | In 1919 – resistance in China to Japanese encroachments began. This generated a movement of intellectuals aimed at transforming China into a liberal democracy (Confucianism was rejected, etc) |
| New Economic Policy | Instituted by Lenin in 1921 – the state continued to set basic economic policies, but now efforts were combined with individual initiatives. This policy allowed food production to recover |
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