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TM201 Anatomy
Cardiovascular, Respiratory, Lymphatic and Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| innermost layer of the heart wall | endocardium |
| outermost layer of the heart wall | epicardium |
| middle (muscular) layer of the heart wall | myocardium |
| thickest walled chamber, pumps oxygenated blood to all parts of the body via the aorta | Left ventricle |
| pumps venous blood received from right atrium into the lungs via the pulmonary trunk | Right ventricle |
| thin walled chamber that receives deoxygenated blood from body tissue via the superior/inferior vena cava | Right atrium |
| receives blood high in oxygen from lungs via pulmonary veins | Left atrium |
| semilunar valve located bw L ventricle and aorta (semilunar, 3 flaps) | Aortic valve |
| 3 cusps, or flaps, blood flows from R atrium into R ventricle | Right atrioventricular (AV) valve |
| another name for the AV valve | tricuspid valve |
| semilunar valve located bw L ventricle and aorta (semilunar, 3 flaps) | Aortic valve |
| active phase of the cardiac cycle | systole |
| resting phase of the cardiac cycle | diastole |
| an abnormal heart sound usually due to faulty valve action | murmur |
| volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in 1 minute | cardiac output |
| groups of specialized tissue that generate/conduct impulses | nodes |
| between atrium and ventricle | atrioventricular (AV) node |
| pacemaker of the heart | sinoatrial (SA) node |
| connect nodes and transmit impulse | internodal pathways |
| percent of plasma that is water | 55 |
| another name for red blood cells | erythrocytes |
| another name for white blood cells | leukocytes |
| another name for platelets | thrombocytes |
| fluid that remains after blood has clotted | serum |
| carry blood away from heart | arteries |
| small arteries | arterioles |
| allow for exchanges between blood and tissues, or blood and air in lungs; connect arterioles and venules | capillaries |
| small veins | venules |
| carry blood toward heart | veins |
| carries blood from heart to lungs and back | pulmonary circuit |
| carries blood from heart to body and back | systemic circuit |
| carries blood to myocardium | coronary circuit |
| this vein drains upper body | superior vena cava |
| this vein drains lower body | inferior vena cava |
| the primary method of capillary exchange | diffusion |
| increase in diameter of blood vessel | vasodilation |
| decrease in diameter of blood vessel | vasoconstriction |
| the right lymphatic duct empties into what | right subclavian vein |
| the thoracic duct empties into what | left subclavian vein |
| this filters blood and destroys old red blood cells | spleen |
| protect against infection by providing a physical barrier against pathogens | mechanical barrier |
| increased body temp | fever |
| substance released from infected cells which prevents virus reproduction in nearby cells | interferon |
| this is produced in the thymus and is involved in cell-mediated immunity | T cells |
| this cell matures in lymphoid tissue | B cells |
| stimulate immune response by lymphocytes | antigens |
| exchange of air between the atmosphere and alveoli of the lungs. accomplished by inhalation and exhalation | pulmonary ventilation |
| occurs in the lungs as oxygen diffuses from alveoli into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood to be eliminated | external gas exchange |
| occurs in the tissues and oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells, whereas carbon dioxide passes from cells into blood | internal gas exchange |
| this filters, warms and moistens air | the nose |
| filter, warm and moisten air | glottis |
| covers larynx during swallowing to help prevent food from entering trachea | epiglottis |
| another name for the windpipe | trachea |
| branches of trachea that enter lungs and then subdivide | bronchi |
| how many lobes are on the right side of the lung | three |
| tiny air sacs where gasses are exchanged in the lungs | alveoli |
| substance that reduces surface tension in alveoli; eases expansion of lungs | surfactant |
| membrane that encloses the lung | pleura |
| space and organs between lungs | mediastinum |
| flat muscle separating thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity, flattens during inspiration and expands during expiration | diaphragm |
| drawing of air into lungs | inhalation |
| expulsion of air from lungs | exhalation |
| amount of air moved into or out of lungs in quiet, relaxed breathing | tidal volume |
| volume of air that remains in the lungs after maximum exhalations | residual volume |
| additional amount of air that can be breathed in by force after normal inhalation | inspiratory reserve volume |
| additional amount of air that can be breathed out by force after normal exhalation | expiratory reserve volume |
| volume of air that can be expelled from lungs by maximum exhalation after maximum inhalation | vital capacity |
| amount of air remaining in the lungs after normal exhalation | functional residual capacity |
| total volume of air that can be contained in the lungs after maximum inhalation | total lung capacity |
| literally means “crown,” referring to circulation supplying myocardium | coronary |
| pertaining to the liver | hepatic |
| pertaining to the kidneys | renal |
| pertaining to the lungs | pulmonary |
| pertaining to the heart | cardiac |
| pertaining to the stomach | gastric |
| pertaining to the body as a whole, also means generalized | systemic |
Created by:
VSauci404
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