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Stack #85439, Ch 18
Chabner Ch 18 WWC JJ
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The parathyroid glands are located_______the thyroid gland. | behind |
| adren/o | adrenal glands = positioned above the kidneys; secretes adrenaline/epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| adrenal/o | adrenal glands = positioned above the kidneys; secretes adrenaline/epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| calc/o | calcium |
| cortic/o | cortex, outer region |
| crin/o | secrete |
| dips/o | thirst |
| estr/o | female |
| gluc/o | glucose; sugar |
| glyc/o | glucose; sugar |
| gonad/o | sex glands (ovaries and testes) |
| home/o | sameness |
| kal/i | potassium (an electrolyte) |
| hormon/o | hormone = chemical messenger |
| insulin/o | insulin |
| lact/o | milk |
| myx/o | mucus |
| natr/o | sodium (an electrolyte) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas = postioned near stomach, secretes insulin and glucagon |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid gland = positioned on back of thyroid gland; secrete parathyroid hormone(PTH; increases blood calcium |
| phys/o | growing |
| pituitar/o | pituitary gland, hypophysis = positioned at the base of the brain; divided into anterior and posterior portions; numerous hormones |
| somat/o | body |
| ster/o | solid structure |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland = two lobes positioned on either side of the trachea; secrete thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) for metabolism and produce calcitonin to reduce calcium level in blood |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland = two lobes positioned on either side of the trachea; secrete thyroxine/tetraiodothyronine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3) for metabolism and produce calcitonin to reduce calcium level in blood |
| toc/o | childbirth |
| toxic/o | poison |
| ur/o | urine |
| -agon | assemble; gather together |
| -ectomy | removal; excision; resection |
| -emia | blood condition |
| -genic | produced by or in |
| -in | a substance |
| -ine | a substance |
| -megaly | enlargement |
| -oid | resembling |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -physis | to grow |
| -stasis | to stop; control; place |
| -tocin | labor; birth (a substance for) |
| -tropin | stimulating the function of (to turn or act upon) |
| -uria | urnie condition |
| eu- | good; normal |
| hyper- | above; excessive |
| hypo- | deficient; below; under; less than normal |
| oxy- | rapid, sharp, acid |
| pan- | all |
| poly- | many |
| tetra- | four |
| tri- | three |
| adenectomy | removal of a gland |
| adrenopathy | disease of adrenal glands |
| adrenalectomy | removal of an adrenal gland |
| gonadotropin | hormone that is secreted from the pituitary gland and acts on the gonads (ovaries and testes). |
| hypogonadism | condition of decreased function of the gonads, with decreased growth and sexual development |
| pancreatectomy | removal of the pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of the parathyroid glands |
| hypopituitarism | condition resulting from decreased secretion by the pituitary gland |
| thyrotropin hormone | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that acts on the thyroid gland (TSH or thyroid-stimulating hormone). |
| thyroiditis | inflammation of the thyroid gland |
| androgen | hormone producing or stimulating male characteristics (e.g., testosterone). |
| hypercalcemia | increased calcium in the blood |
| hypocalcemia | decreased calcium in the blood |
| corticosteroid | any of the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex |
| endocrinologist | specialist in diagnosis and treatment of endocrine gland disorders |
| polydipsia | condition of excessive thirst |
| estrogenic | pertaining to having properties similar to estrogen (producing estrogen-like effects). |
| glucagon | hormone from the pancreas that causes sugar to be released into the bloodstream when blood sugar levels are low |
| hyperglycemia | blood condition of increased sugar |
| glycemic | pertains to sugar in the blood |
| glycogen | an animal starch; produced from sugar by the liver |
| homeostasis | state of equilibrium (constancy) of the body’s internal environment |
| hormonal | pertaining to hormones |
| hypoinsulinism | condition of deficient insulin |
| hypokalemia | low levels of potassium in the blood |
| prolactin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that promotes the growth of breast tissue and stimulates milk production |
| myxedema | condition of mucous-like swelling of the face and soft tissues; due to hyposecretion of the thyroid gland in adults |
| hyponatremia | blood condition of deficiency of sodium |
| hypophysectomy | removal of the pituitary gland |
| somatotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and tissues (growth hormone) |
| steroid | an organic (containing carbon) compound with a ring structure; bile acids, vitamin D, certain hormones |
| oxytocin | hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates childbirth |
| thyrotoxicosis | condition of increased secretion from the thyroid gland with symptoms such as sweating, rapid pulse, tremors, and exophthalmos |
| antidiuretic hormone | secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; causes water to be retained in the body |
| glucagon | hormone from the pancreas that “assembles” sugar from starch and increases blood sugar when it is low |
| epinephrine | hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla; raises blood pressure |
| adrenocorticotropin | hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones |
| glycosuria | condition of sugar in the urine |
| euthyroid | normal thyroid function |
| oxytocin | hormone from the neurohypophysis that stimulates childbirth |
| panhypopituitarism | condition of deficient secretion of all hormones from the pituitary gland |
| tetraiodothyronine | thyroid gland hormone containing 4 atoms of iodine; thyroxine; T4 |
| triiodothyronine | thyroid gland hormone containing 3 atoms of iodine; T3 |
| hyperthyroidism | overactivitiy of the thyroid gland |
| hypothyroidism | underactivity of the thyroid gland |
| thyroid carcinoma | cancer of the thyroid gland |
| hyperparathyroidism | excessive production of parathormone |
| hypoparathyroidism | deficient production of parathyroid hormone |
| hyperinsulinism | excess secretion of insulin causing hypoglycemia |
| diabetes mellitus | lack of insulin secretion or resistance of insulin in promoting sugar, starch and fat metabolism in cells; sugar remains in blood and is not taken into cells (Type I is childhood onset; Type 2 is adult onset) |
| acromegaly | enlargement of the extremities (acro means extremities) caused by hypersecretion of GH by anterior pituitary after puberty |
| gigantism | hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland before puberty, leading to abnormal overgrowth of the body |
| dwarfism | congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone; hypopituitary dwarfism |
| panhypopituitarism | all pituitary hormones are deficient |
| diabetes insipidus | insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
| radioactive iodine uptake | clinical procedure where radioactive iodine is administered orally, and its uptake into the thyroid gland is measured as evidence of thyroid function |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropin hormone; secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates secretion of hormones from adrenal cortex, especially cortisol |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin); secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates reabsorption of water by kidney tubules |
| FSH | follicle-stimulating hormone; secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates ovaries for oogenesis and testes for spermatogenesis |
| GH | growth hormone (somatotropin); secreted by anterior pituitary; stimulates increase in bone and tissue growth |
| LH | luteinizing hormone; secreted by anterior pituitary; promotes ovulation; promotes testosterone secretion |
| OT | oxytocin; secreted by posterior pituitary; stimulates contraction of the utereus during labor and childbirth |
| PRL | prolactin; promotes growth of breast tissue and promotes milk secretion |
| PTH | parathyroid hormone (parathormone); secreted by parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium |
| TSH | thryoid-stimulating hormone; secreterd by anterior pituitary; stimulates production of thyroxine and growth of the thyroid gland |
| thyroxine | tetraiodothyronine, T4; secreted by thyroid; increases metabolism in body cells |
| tetraiodothyronine | thyroxine, T4; secreted by thyroid; increases metabolism in body cells |
| triiodothyronine | T3; secreted by thyroid; increases metabolism in body cells |
| calcitonin | secreted by thyroid; lowers blood calcium |
| cortisol | a glucocorticoid; secreted by adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar |
| aldosterone | a mineralcorticoid; secreted by adrenal cortex; increases reabsorption of sodium in kidney tubules |
| sex hormones: androgens and estrogens | gonadocorticoids; secreted by adrenal cortex; maintain secondary sex characteristics |
| epinephrine | adrenaline; secreted by adrenal medulla; increases heart rate, dilates bronchial tubes, stimulates production of glucose from glycogen storage |
| norepinephrine | noradrenaline; secreted by adrenal cortex; constricts blood vessels and raises blood pressure |
| insulin | secreted by pancreas islet cells; decreases blood sugar (glucose to glycogen) |
| glucagon | secreted by pancreas islet cells; increases blood sugar (glycogen to glucose) |
| estrogen | secreted by ovaries; develops and maintains female secondary sex characteristics |
| progesterone | secreted by ovaries; prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy |
| testosterone | secreted by testes; promotes growth and maintenace of secondary sex characteristics |
Created by:
jjanis1
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