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Key Terms 757- 783
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| universal manhood suffrage | voting rights extended without discrimination |
| nationalistic uprisings | independence movements based on loyalty to free states |
| guerilla warfare | unorganized warfare using hit and run tactics |
| Napoleon | absolute leader of France who conquered most of Europe and was defeated in 1815 |
| Congress of Vienna | European meeting after Napoleon’s defeat to try and restore political stability and settle diplomatic disputes |
| Congress System/Metternich | Austrian diplomat at the Congress of Vienna - system of Europe working together |
| spirit of conservatism | after era of revolution attempt by European diplomats to return order to the good ol' days when autocracy ruled and people stopped rebelling |
| radicalism | democratic movement that called for liberalism and extended rights |
| parliamentary system | representative government led by a prime minister |
| militaristic | aggressive war based ideology |
| Revolution of 1848 | causes – bad harvests, economic stagnation, reaction against conservative rule, negative social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution, and nationalism |
| Revolution of 1848 | effects- forced King of Prussia to grant constitutional reforms, highlighted power of nationalism, unified Germany and Italy, political, social, and economic issues of the people have to be met |
| Toussaint L’Ouverture | a leader of the Haitian revolt against France |
| Louisiana Territory | French territory in the United States |
| Latin America Wars of Independence | Causes - growing sense of nationalism, colonial economic policies, social class system, Napoleon |
| caudillos | military juntas or governments - military men that take over power - sets precedent |
| economic backwardness | Latin America – caused by mercantilism and monoculture system |
| Miguel Hidalgo | Creole priest in Mexico who led rebellion against Spain |
| Pancho Villa | Mexican revolutionary who fought in the revolution from 1910 to 1917 |
| Sino-Japanese War | war fought between China and Japan over Korea from 1894 to 1895 |
| Empress Cixi | disastrous Chinese monarch whose policies led to economic stagnation and China’s decline |
| “Hundred Days Reform” | 103 days of social and institutional reform in 1898 launched by the Qing emperor of China, Guangxu |
| Abdication of Manchu Emperor | emperor abdicates in 1912 - ends foreign rule - Mandate of Heaven dynasties |
| Sun Yat-sen | father of modern china and institutes constitutional democracy |