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TM203 Anatomy
The Brain, Cranial and Spinal Nerves, Endocrine, Sensory and Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| largest part of the brain, left and right hemispheres | cerebrum |
| contains the thalamus and hypothalamus, area in between the hemispheres | diencephalon |
| connects cerebrum and diencephalons to the spinal cord | brain stem |
| connects the cerebrum, brain stem and pons, located beneath the posterior section of the cerebral hemispheres | cerebellum |
| 3 layers of connective tissues that completely surround and enclose the brain and spinal cord | meninges |
| outer most layer of the meninges | dura mater |
| middle layer of the meninges | arachnoid |
| innermost layer of the meninges, carries most of the blood supply to the brain | pia mater |
| four spaces located in the brain | ventricles |
| anterior portion of the brain | frontal lobe |
| portion of the brain that contains sensory information and receives impulses from the skin, touch, pain and temperature | parietal |
| area of the brain that contains auditory area | temporal |
| area of the brain that is most posterior | occipital |
| area of the brain that analyzes distance, shapes and sizes | parietal |
| area of the brain that contains motor area for movement | frontal |
| area of the brain that controls speech | frontal |
| area of the brain at the top and center | parietal |
| another name for the interbrain | diencaphalon |
| part of the diencephalon that sorts and directs sensory impulses to the cortex | thalamus |
| part of the diencephalon that maintains homeostasis | hypothalamus |
| contains the hippocampus | limbic system |
| part of the brain that controls body temperature and sleep | hypothalamus |
| part of the diencephalon that controls emotion and behavior | limbic system |
| the 3 parts of the brain stem | midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata |
| part of the brain stem located in the center of the cerebrum | midbrain |
| part of the brain stem that connects the two halves of the cerebellum with the brain stem | pons |
| how many pairs of cranial nerves are there | twelve |
| nerve that carries smell impulses to the brain | olfactory |
| general sensory nerve for the face | trigeminal |
| abducens is nerve number? | six |
| nerve number IX (nine) | glossopharyngeal |
| the longest cranial nerve | vagus (X) |
| number for the accesory nerve | eleven |
| carries visual impulses from the eye to the brain | optic nerve |
| carries sensory input for hearing and equilibrium from the inner ear | vestibulocochlear |
| hypoglossal is nerve number ? | twelve |
| supplies nerve impulses for muscles of facial expression | facial |
| cranial nerve that has 3 branches | trigeminal |
| controls most eye muscles | occulomotor |
| first system to develop in the embryo | nervous system |
| what type of nerve is the vestibulocochlear | sensory |
| what is a bundle of neuron fibers outside of the central nervous system | nerve |
| what describes cells involved in transmitting impulses toward the CNS | sensory |
| what is the fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses towards a cell body | dendrite |
| the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector | synapse |
| pathway through the nervous system from stimulus to response | reflex arc |
| a bundle of neuron fibers within the CNS | tract |
| network of nerves outside of the CNS | plexus |
| stimuli are detected by this | receptor |
| how many categories of senses are there | two |
| how many special senses are there | five |
| how many general senses are there | five |
| what protects the anterior eye | eyelid |
| what helps lubricate the eye | blinking |
| what helps keep foreign matter out of the eye | eyelashes |
| another word for tears | lacrimal apparatus |
| outermost tunic of the eyeball, white | sclera |
| part of the eye that contains a dark pigment that helps keep the light entering the eye from bouncing and scattering about | choroid |
| the innermost layer of the eyeball | retina |
| bending of light rays as they pass through substances of different density | refraction |
| the main refracting structure of the eye | cornea |
| helps maintain the rounded shape of the cornea | aqueous humor |
| this fills the space behind the lens of the eyeball | vitreous body |
| part of they eye that cannot detect color, only shades of grey | rods |
| part of the eye that is sensitive to color and provides a sharp image | cones |
| lack of 1 or more of the cones results in this | color blindness |
| how many extrinsic eyeball muscles are there | six |
| the pupil is the center opening of what part of the eyeball | iris |
| what muscles of the eyeball (intrinsic) encirlces the lens | ciliary |
| what intrinsic muscle of the eyeball regulates the thickness of the lens | ciliary |
| what is the outer projection of the ear called | pinna |
| what is the name for the canal that leads to the middles ear | auditory |
| what is the correct name for the ear drum | tympanic membrane |
| how many ossicles are there | three |
| what gland promotes growth of all body tissues | anterior pituitary |
| what gland increases metabolic rate and influences both physical and mental activities | thyroid |
| what hormone causes contraction of uterine muscles | oxytocin |
| what gland stimulates growth of sexual organs in men | testes |
| what gland stimulates growth of sexual organs in women | ovaries |
| what hormone prepares the uterine lining for implantation of fertilized ovum | progesterone |
| what hormone promotes reabsorption of water in kidney tubules and at high concentration stimulates constriction in blood vessels | ADH (antidiuretic hormone) |
| what hormone stimulates milk secretion by mammary glands | prolactin |
| what bone in the middle ear is attached to the tympanic membrane and the incus | malleus |
| what transmits sound waves taken from the tympanic membrane to the fluids of the inner ear via the oval window | ossicles |
| this connects the middle ear to the pharnyx and functions to equalize pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane | eustachian tube |
| part of the ear that contains receptors for hearing (organ of Corti) | cochlea |
| what is another name for the sense of taste | gustary sense |
| what are taste receptors | taste buds |
| how many basic tastes are there | four |
| what taste is located at the tip of the tongue | sweet |
| what taste is located on the anterior sides of the tongue | salty |
| what taste is located at the back of the tongue | bitter |
| the receptors for touch are called this | tactile corpuscles |
| the receptors to sense pressure are called this | pacinian corpuscles |
| the receptors to sense temperature are called this | free nerve endings |
| sensory receptor that aids in judging body position and changes in position; located in muscles, tendons, and joints | proprioceptor |
| What is the name for enlargement of the pupil | dilation |
| 12. The skull bones form together to form This structure that serves to protect the posterior eye | eye orbit |
| what is the name of the sac that holds the testes | scrotum |
| what conducts sperm through spermatic cord | ductus (vas) deferens |
| what does the head of spermatoze contain | chromosomes |
| what structure conveys urine and semen through the penis | urethra |
| fringe like extensions that sweep an egg into an oviduct | fimbriae |
| holds developing fetus | uterus |
| another name for the pelvic floor | perineum |
| sudden change in the electric charge on a cell membrane, which then spreads along the membrane; nerve impulse | action potential |
| the part of the nervous system that control smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands; motor portion of the visceral or involuntary nervous system | Autonomic Nervous System |
| fiber of a neuron that conducts impulses toward a cell body | dendrite |
| neurotransmitter and hormone; released from neurons of the sympathetic nervous system and from the adrenal medulla; adrenaline | epinephrine |
| division of the autonomic nervous system that acts to restore homeostasis after a crisis event; also responsible for SLUDD during homeostasis | Parasympathetic Nervous System |
| simple, rapid, automatic response involving few neurons | reflex |
| membrane that lines the eyelid and covers the anterior part of the sclera (white of the eye) | Conjunctiva |
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