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Digestive System
Chapter 11, page 470
| Questiongiva | Answer |
|---|---|
| the digestive system is AKA | GastroIntestinal(GI) system |
| or/o, or stomat/o | oral cavity (mouth) |
| Digestion begins in the | oral cavity (mouth) |
| Digestion is the | breaking down of food into small parts |
| oral | pertaining to the oral cavity (mouth) |
| herpetic stomatitis | inflammation of the oral cavity (mouth) caused by the Herpes Simplex Virus 1(HSV1) AKA "cold sores or fever blister" |
| Mechanical digestion involves | mastication (chewing) |
| mastication | chewing |
| bucc/o | cheek |
| buccal | pertaining to the cheek |
| gloss/o or lingu/o | tongue |
| glossectomy | surgical removal of the tongue |
| sublingual | pertaining to under the tongue AKA hypoglossal |
| glossorrhaphy | suturing of the tongue |
| glossopathy | disease condition of the tongue |
| Chemical digestion includes the secretion of | 1. saliva 2. HCl (hydrochloric acid) |
| HCl | HyrdoChloric acid |
| HCl (hydrochloric acid) is found in the | stomach |
| gingiv/o | gingiva(e) AKA gum(s) |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gingivae (gums) |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of a gingiva (singular) |
| palat/o | hard and soft palate |
| the hard and soft palate are located in the | superior portion of the oral cavity (mouth) |
| palatitis | inflammation of a palate |
| palatoplasty | surgical repair of a palate |
| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx (throat) |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| esophagus is the | tube connecting the pharynx(throat) and the stomach |
| esophagotomy | surgical incision of the esophagus |
| esophagoscope | a lighted instrument to view the esophagus |
| atresia | closure |
| congenital | born with it |
| esophageal atresia | a (congenital) closure of the esophagus |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| stomach is located in the | Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastrotomy | surgical incision of the stomach |
| gastrostomy | a new or artifical opening in the stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the oral cavity and stomach |
| gastroscopy | the process of viewing the stomach with a lighted instrument |
| gastrodynia | a condition of stomach pain |
| nasogastric (NG) | pertaining to the nose and stomach |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical repair of the esophagus and stomach |
| GERD | GastroEsophageal Reflux Disease |
| reflux means | regurgitation or backflow |
| duoden/o | duodenum |
| duodenum is the | first (1st) section of the small intestine(small bowel) |
| EsophagoGastroDuodenoscopy (EGD) | the process of viewing the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum with a lighted instrument |
| jenjun/o | jejunum |
| jejunum is the | second (2nd) section of the small instestine (small bowel) |
| anastomosis | joining |
| jejunojejuno anastomosis | a joining of one section of the jejunum to another section of the jejunum |
| gastrojejunostomy | a new or artifical opening between the stomach and jejunum |
| ile/o | ileum |
| ileum is the | third (3rd) section of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| ileostomy | a new or artificial opening into the ileum |
| enter/o | small intestine or small bowel |
| dysentery | a condition of painful small instestine (small bowel) |
| enterorrhaphy | suturing of the small intestine (small bowel) |
| gastroenteritis | inflammation of the stomach and the small intestine (small bowel) |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the study of the stomach and small intestine (small bowel) |
| cec/o | cecum |
| cecum is the | 1st section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| ileocecal | pertaining to the ileum (3rd section of small intestine) and cecum (1st section of large intestine) |
| appendo/o, appendic/o | appendix |
| the appendix is a | finger like projection off the cecum (1st section of large intestine/colon) |
| the appendix is located | in the Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ) of the abdomen, more specifically "the right inquinal (iliac) region of the abdomen |
| appendectomy | surgical removal of the appendix |
| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix |
| the ascending colon is the | 2nd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| the transverse colon is the | 3rd section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| the descending colon is the | 4th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| sigmoid colon is the | 5th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| sigmoidoscope | a lighted instrument to view the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscopy | the process of viewing the sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument |
| rect/o | rectum |
| the rectum is the | 6th section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| rectocele | a herniation of the rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| the anus is the | last section of the large intestine (large bowel or colon) |
| sphincter | a ring of muscles that opens and closes |
| anoplasty | surgical repair of the anus |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| proctologist | a specialist in the study of the anus and rectum |
| proctoptosia | drooping or sagging of the anus and rectum AKA prolapse of the anus and rectum |
| -ptosis | drooping or sagging |
| proctoscope | a lighted instrument to view the anus and rectum |
| proctosigmoidoscopy | process of viewing the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon with a lighted instrument |
| col/o or colon/o | colon or large instestine or large bowel |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| Ulcerative Colitis (US) | inflammation of the colon and the presence of ulcers |
| colotomy | surgical incision of the colon |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colonoscope | a lighted instrument to view the colon |
| colonoscopy | the process of viewing the colon with a lighted instrument |
| colostomy | a new or artificial opening into the colon |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon |
| hepat/o | liver |
| the liver is located in the | Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ) |
| the liver is made up of sections called | lobes |
| the liver is responsible for | creating bile |
| the function of bile is to | emulsify (emulsification) means to break up fats |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor or mass of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| chole- | bile or gall (by golly) |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| cholecyst/o | gall bladder |
| The gall bladder is responsible for | storing the bile |
| the gall bladder is located | inferior to the liver |
| choledoch/o | bile duct |
| doch/o | duct |
| a duct (angi/o) is a | vessel |
| bile ducts | carry bile from the liver to the gall bladder and from the gall bladder to the duodenum (1st section of the small intestine) |
| choledocholithiasis | abnormal condition of a stone(s) in a bile duct |
| lith/o | stone(s) |
| choledocholithotomy | surgical incision of a bile duct to remove a stone |
| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone from a bile duct |
| choledocholithotripsy | crushing a stone in a bile duct |
| -tripsy | crushing |
| cholangioma | tumor or mass of a bile vessel |
| cholangiogram | a record of a bile vessel |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the gall bladder |
| cholecystogram | a record of the gall bladder |
| cholelithiasis | abnormal condition of a gall stone(s) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| the pancreas is located | posterior to the stomach (retrogastric) (-retro means behind) |
| pancreas creates enzymes that will | aid in chemical digestion |
| bile flows | through ducts |
| pancreatic | pertaining to the pancreas |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| peritone/o, or abdomin/o, or lapar/o | abdomen |
| peritoneal | pertaining to the peritoneum (inside of the abdomen) |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the abdomen |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| abdominoplasty | surgical repair of the abdomen |
| abdominocentesis | surgical puncture of the abdomen |
| laparotomy | surgical incision of the abdomen |
| laparoscope | a lighted instrument to view the abdomen |
| laparoscopy | process of viewing the abdomen with a lighted instrument |
| laparoscopic cholecystectomy | surgical removal of the gall bladder using a lighted instrument inserted through an opening in the abdomen |
| diverticul/o | diverticulum(a) |
| diverticula are | blister-like lesions found in the large bowel |
| diverticulosis | abnormal condition of diverticula |
| diverticulitis | inflammation of the diverticula |
| diverticulectomy | surgical removal of a diverticulum |
| polyp/o | polyp |
| a polyp is a | premalignant lesion that can be found in the large bowel |
| polyposis | abnormal condition of polyp(s) |
| polypectomy | surgical removal of a polyp |
| adhesion | tissue sticking together that should not stick together |
| stoma | a new or artificial opening |
| dysphagia (g-gag) | a condition of difficult or painful swallowing |
| aphagia (g-gag) | a condition of no swallowing |
| dysphasia (s-speech) | a condition of difficult speech |
| bradypepsia (bradypepsic) | a condition of slow digestion |
| dyspepsia (dyspepsic) | a condition of difficult digestion AKA indigestion |
| herni/o | hernia (rupture) |
| a hernia is a | protrusion of an organ through the tissue in which it is normally enclosed AKA a "rupture" |
| herniorrhaphy | suturing of a hernia |
| hernioplasty | surgical repair of a hernia |
| hiatal hernia | herniation of the stomach through the diaphragm |
| inguinal hernia | herniation of the small intestine into the scrotum |
| umbilical hernia | herniation of the small intestine through the abdominal wall at the umbilicus (belly button) |
| strangulated hernia | the hernia occludes the blood supply to the protruding tissue |
| anorexia (anorexic) | a condition of no appetite |
| halitosis | bad breath |
| eructation (eructate) | belching or burphing |
| dental caries | extreme dental (tooth) decay |
| emesis (emetic) | pertaining to vomit(ing) |
| hemopytsis | expectorating blood |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| ulcer | an erosion (wearing away) of the skin or mucous membrane |
| perforation (perforate) | a tear or rip |
| Upper GastroIntestinal series (UGI) | AKA barium swallow |
| Barium is a | radiopaque (contrast) material |
| radiopaque (contrast) material | will illuminate when exposed to X-rays |
| lower GastroIntestinal series (GI) | AKA BArium Enema (BaE or BE) |
| Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP) | process of recording the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts using X-rays and a lighted instrument |
| resection | excision (surgical removal) |
| Endoscopic UltraSound (EUS) | process of recording the GastroIntestinal (GI) tract using sound waves and a lighted instrument |
| peristalsis (peristaltic) | pertaining to a wave-like action of the GastroIntestinal (GI) tract forcing contents onward |
| borborygmos | the groaning and gurgling sounds made during peristaltic activity |
| colic | painful spasms of the GastroIntestinal (GI) tract |
| stool | semisolid waste expelled through the anus AKA feces |
| defecation | the act of expelling feces from the body AKA (Bowel Movement) BM |
| a normal BM (bowel movement) is | brown and formed |
| flatus or flatulence | gas expelled through the anus |
| diarrhea | loose watery stools |
| constipation | difficult defecation |
| impaction | an accumulation of feces in the bowel |
| ileus | a bowel obstruction |
| obstipation | constipation caused by a bowel obstruction (ileus) |
| melena (melanotic) | pertaining to black, tarry, pungent stools indicative of blood in the fecal matter |
| pungent | a very strong aroma (aromatic) |
| Hemoccult, Hema-Check, Colo-Rect, Hematest, Seracult, or guaiac | a test for occult blood in the stool |
| Occult means | hidden blood that cannot be seen with the naked eye |
| gastric lavage | washing out the stomach AKA "pumping out the stomach" |
| gavage | a feeding tube |
| distend (distended) | to stretch out or inflate |
| cirrhosis | a chronic degeneration of liver cells |
| jaundice | a yellowish-orangish dicoloration of the skin and/or sclera AKA icterus (icteric) |
| Jaundice (icterus) is caused by a | destruction of erythrocytes called hemolysis |
| Dead, broken up erythrocytes are called | bilirubin |
| hyperbilirubinemia | a blood condition of excessive bilirubin |
| ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen |
| absorb (absorption) | movement of nutrients into the bloodstream |
| postprandial | pertaining to after meals |
| enzyme(s) | chemical catalyst(s) |
| chemical catalyst(s) is/are | chemical(s) that causes a reaction to occur |
| N | Nausea and Vomiting |
| BS | Blood Sugar, or Bowel Sounds, or Breath Sounds |
| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel Disease |
| PEG | Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy |
| TPN | Total Parenteral Nutrition AKA hyperalimentation ("hyperal") |
| O & P | Ova and Parasites |
| PUD | Peptic Ulcer Disease |
| LFTs | Liver Function Tests |
| LFTs (liver function tests) include: | 1. SGOT aka AST 2. SGPT aka ALT 3. ALKaline PHOSphatase (ALK. PHOS.) |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| Px | prognosis |
| a | before |
| p | after |
| c | with |
| s | without |
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