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PHHS - APHUG Unit 5
PHHS - APHUG: Important vocab for Unit 5 - Agriculture and Rural Land Use
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| activities that involve extracting something from the earth | primary sector |
| activities that involve converting raw materials into intermediate or finished products | secondary sector |
| activies that involve providing a service | tertiary sector |
| activities that involve large exchanges of money or information | quaternary sector |
| activities that involve higher education and research | quinary sector |
| time period that started 2.5 million years ago; humans appeared during this age between 100,000 and 400,000 years ago | Paleolithic Age |
| activities that sustained Paleolithic humans: | hunting and gathering |
| took place between 10,000-12,000 years ago; humans first started to use domesticated plants and animals | First Agricultural Revolution or Neolithic Revolution |
| the Neolithic Revolution allowed for food surplus, which allowed people to do other non-agricultural jobs. This division of labor is known as: | specialization |
| continent where agriculture began | Asia |
| first type of domesticated plants | root crops |
| taming of animals so they can be used for human purposes | domestication |
| selective breeding of animals done to pass along desirable traits | animal husbandry |
| key event that allowed for diffusion of agricultural products between the Old and New worlds | Columbian Exchange |
| farming to feed oneself and one's family | subsistence agriculture |
| farmers who are semi-sedentary practice this type of agriculture; plant in one spot for a few years before moving on | shifting cultivation |
| farming that requires lots of labor input and/or is done on a small piece of land | intensive agriculture |
| planting a variety of different types of crops | multi-cropping |
| farmers who engage in both multi-cropping and raising domesticated animals | mixed farming or general farming |
| farming that requires little labor input and/or is done on a large piece of land | extensive agriculture |
| extensive agriculture that focuses on one crop | monoculture |
| two step process often used to quickly clear land; popular in stage 2 countries | slash and burn |
| movement that improved agriculture, lasted from the late Middle Ages to the late 1800s | Second Agricultural Revolution |
| movement that allowed the Second Agricultural Revolution to develop at a much quicker pace | Industrial Revolution |
| model used to decribe spatial patterns of primary activities around European towns during the Second Agricultural Revolution | Von Thunen Model |
| Farming that focuses on a small variety of crops grown on large tracts of land | plantation agriculture |
| farming where crops are sold for profit | non-subsistence agriculture |
| a particularly valuable crop grown on a plantation | cash crop |
| crops that are expensive and therefore purchased only by the relatively wealth | luxury crop |
| village located along one road | linear village |
| village located around key road intersections | cluster village |
| village set up in a circular structure | round village |
| village with a protective barrier around it | walled village |
| village with an organized road system that meets at 90 degree angles | grid village |
| system of planting where crops are moved around to different fields year after year to prevent soil nutrient depletion | crop rotation |
| growing two or even three rounds of crops on the same piece of land, one after another, in the same year | double (or triple) cropping |
| the systematic detruction of forested areas | deforestation |
| process by which salt levels in soil increase | soil salinization |
| process by which land is transformed into a desert | desertification |
| an agriculture concept involving engaging in activities at production levels that can be kept up long term | sustainability |
| movement that took place between the 1940s and 1970s, introducing genetic engineering to the agriculture field | Third Agricultural Revolution or Green Revolution |
| type of genetically engineered rice created in the 1960s | IR8 |
| genetically engineered corn that produces its own natural pesticide | BT corn |
| hormone given to cows to make them grow bigger | rBGH |
| aritifical pesticide that was outlawed in the U.S. in 1972 due to harmful effects in certain species | DDT |
| agricultural products that are somehow different/rare/valuable or more desirable | specialized agriculture products |
| food that has non been genetically altered | Non-GMO |
| foods that have not been given compounds to prevent disease or grow artifically bigger | antibiotic and hormone free |
| food products that are non-GMO, antibiotic and hormone free, and are free of any articifical fertilizers and pesticides | organic |
| animals that are allowed to graze outside and eat a natural diet | free-range and grass-fed |
| raising of seafood for human consumption | aquaculture |
| variety of fruit or vegetable that is very old and relative uncommon, usually expensive | heirloom variety |
| product linked to specific production region | appellation |
| small plots of land that grow a variety of produce in or around an urban area | market garden |
| small to medium size farms that grow a variety of fruits and vegetables | truck farms |
| the number of calories the average person in a country eats per day | caloric intake |
| the concept of getting all the key nutrients your body needs to stay healthy | dietary balance |
| poor health due to poor caloric intake and/or dietary balance | malnutrition |
| condition due to lack of protein | kwashiorkor |
| condition due to lack of protein combined with low caloric intake | marasmus |
| number of deaths of babies age 0-1 per 1000 live births | infant mortality rate |
| number of deaths of children age 1-5 per 1000 people | child mortality rate |
| average life span of a person in a given country | life expectancy |
Created by:
pdeanna
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