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World history 4th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Articles of Confederation | created a weak national government |
| Balance of power | a political situation in which no one nation is powerful enough to pose a threat to others |
| Cabinet | a group of advisers or ministers chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisions |
| Checks and balances | measures designed to prevent and one branch of government from dominating the others |
| Colony | a land controlled by a distant nation |
| Committee of Public Safety | a committee established during the French Revolution to identify “enemies of the republic” |
| Constitutional monarchy | a monarchy in which the ruler’s power is limited to law |
| Coup d’etat | a sudden seizure of political power in a nation |
| Creoles | in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Latin America to Spanish parents |
| Declaration of Independence | a statement of the reasons for the American colonies’ break with Britain |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man | a statement of revolutionary ideals adopted by France’s National Assembly in 1789 |
| Émigrés | nobles and others who had fled from France during the peasant uprisings |
| Encomienda | a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it |
| Enlightened despot | one of the 18th century European monarchs who were inspired by Enlightenment ideas to rule justly and respect the rights of their subjects |
| Enlightenment | an 18th century European movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society |
| Estates General | an assembly of representatives from all three of the estates in France |
| Federalism | the federal principle of government |
| Glorious Revolution | the bloodless overthrow of the English king James II and his replacement by William and Mary |
| Great Fear | a wave of senseless panic that spread through the French countryside after the Storming of the Bastille |
| Grievance | a wrong considered as grounds for complaint, or something believed to cause distress |
| Guerrilla | a member of a loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country |
| Habeas corpus | a document requiring that a prisoner brought before a court or judge so that it can be decided whether his or her imprisonment is legal |
| Hundred Days | the brief period during 1815 when Napoleon made his last bid for power, deposing the French king and again becoming emperor of France |
| Jacobin | most radical club |
| Legitimacy | the hereditary right of a monarch to rule |
| Limited government | restricted with a reference too governing powers by limitations prescribed in laws and in a constitution |
| Mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of silver and gold and by selling more goods than bought |
| Mesoamerica | an area extending from central Mexico to Honduras |
| Mestizo | of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry |
| Mulattos | persons of mixed European and African decent |
| Napoleonic Code | Napoleon’s comprehensive system of laws |
| Old Regime | the political and social system that existed in France before the French revolution |
| Peninsulares | in Spanish colonial society, colonists who were born in Spain |
| Philosophe | one of a group of social thinkers in France during the Enlightenment |
| Popular sovereignty | majority rules |
| Reign of Terror | the period, from mid |
| Republicanism | republican government |
| Restoration | the period of Charles II’s rule over England, after the collapse of Oliver Cromwell’s government |
| Salon | a social gathering of intellectuals and artists, like those held in the homes of wealthy women in Paris and other European cities during Enlightenment |
| San culottes | in the French revolution, a radical group made up of Persian wage earners and small shopkeepers who wanted a greater voice in government, lower prices, and an end of food shortages |
| Scorched earth policy | the practice of burning crops and killing livestock during wartime so that the enemy cannot live off the land |
| Separation of powers | the assignment of executive, legislative, and judicial powers to different groups of officials in a government |
| Tennis Court Oath | a pledge made by the members of France’s National Assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue meeting until they had drawn up a new constitution |
| Waterloo | a village in Belgium where the British and Prussian army defeated Napoleon’s |
Created by:
hschatz1222
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