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The Age of Discovery
Western Civilization II - Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Factors influencing the Age of Discovery | Concurrent European Expansion, Influence of Italian Renaissance and Predecessors to Columbus (myths, legends and facts, Leif Erickson) |
| Crusades | Exotic items to Europeans, Muslim middleman - high costs, Cheap sea transportation, Demand for bullion and new crusading spirit in response to fall of Constantinople (1453) |
| Germans | "Drang Rach Osten" - countered somewhat by Poles and Russians |
| Italy | Adriatic, Black and Mediterranean Sea |
| Spain | Expulsion of Moors |
| European population doubled between 1450 and 1620 | "safety value" |
| Influence of Italian Renaissance | Literary encourages new text, Italian city states, Humanism, Realpolitik, Scientific Advances, Rise of Nation States and Miscalculation of earth's size |
| Prester John Legend | promoted by Jehan de Mandeville, Book of Marvels (1352) |
| Marco Polo | travels to China reflected brief Mongol interest in commercial development |
| Abraham Cresques | Catalan World Atlas, Catalonia. Conquered Majorca, Minorca, Sicily and Sardinia |
| Fernandez Oviedo | General History of the Indies |
| Italian city states | money and banking |
| Humanism | mans possibilities were limitless. more concerned with this world than the next one |
| Realpolitik | Niccolo Machiavelli (political power important) |
| Scientific Advances | Longitude and Latitude, Navigation tools (quadrant, astrolabe, mariners compass, portolani, navigation charts), Hand held firearms, cannon, Caravel ships (went against the wind - smaller areas - Nina of Columbus) |
| Predecessors to Columbus | myths, legends, and facts - Leif Erickson |
| II | Portuguese Exploration |
| Portuguese Exploration (A) | Portugal could not expand into Spain |
| Portuguese Exploration (B) | 1415 - Portuguese conquer Ceuta, Morocco |
| Portuguese Exploration (C) | Portuguese conquest of Cananes, Madelras, Acores by 1430 - previous Genoese presence |
| Portuguese Exploration (D) | Henry the Navigator - expeditions to Africa |
| Portuguese Exploration (E) | King Joao (John) II (r. 1481-1495) - very ambitious |
| Portuguese Exploration (F) | 1488 - Bartholomew Dias - Cape of Good Hope |
| Portuguese Exploration (G) | 1494 - Treaty of Tordeseilles - New World Divided |
| Portuguese Exploration (H) | 1497-98 - Vasco de Gama to India |
| Portuguese Exploration (I) | 1500 - Pedro Cabrol - Brazil |
| Portuguese Exploration (J) | 1507-11 - Alfonso de Albuquerque - Calicut, Ormiz, Malabar, Goa, Malacca |
| Portuguese Exploration (K) | Portugal could settle but not really colonize - cork, fruit, gold, olive oil, slaves and wine |
| Spanish Exploration | No Dark Age under Muslim rule, Reconquista - Christian expel, and Spanish exploration |
| No Dark Age Under Muslim Rule | Towns prospered, trade grew, Jewish scholars and merchants, Health - better foods, Minimal racial tensions |
| Reconquista - Christians expel Muslims from Spain | Ferdinand and Isabella "white" Spain - rulesr wanted a "place in the sun". Isabella's missionary zeal |
| Isabella's missionary zeal | Jews and Muslims expelled, Marrons and Moriscos put under surveillance, sometimes by "New Christians" (Torquemada), Inquisition persecuted heretics, Persecution led some minorities to go to the New World - Columbus was a jew |
| Ancient aristocracy pushed out hudalgos | Estramudura region |
| 1492 | Columbus reaches San Salavador. He traversed the Caribbean. America named for Amerigo Vespucci |
| 1513 | Balboa reaches Pacific Ocean |
| 1513 | Juan Ponce de Leon reaches Florida |
| 1519-1522 | Ferdinand Magellan's multiethnic crew circumvented the globe - Juan Sebastian del Cano bring the ship back home |
| 1519-1521 | Hernando Cortez in Mexico - conquered Aztecs |
| Hernando Cortez | Cortez was a university graduate, hudalgo and fugitive from Cuba |
| Hernando Cortez | legend of Quetzacoatl helped Cortez |
| Hernando Cortez | other indians hated Aztecs - allied with Cortez |
Created by:
ptladycarmelo
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