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French Rev/Napoleon
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Old Order | king at the top of society with the three estates beneath him, ancient regime |
| Louis XVI | French king at the time of the French Revolution, he is beheaded |
| Marie Antionette | French queen at the time of the French Revolution, she is beheaded |
| First Estate | made up of the Roman Catholic clergy, about 1 percent of society, no taxes and did not answer to same laws as everyone else |
| Second Estate | made up of the nobility, less than 2 percent of society, paid no taxes |
| Third Estate | largest group in French society, about 97 percent of the population, only group taxed, included bourgeoisie, artisans, workers, and peasants |
| bourgeoisie | city-dwelling merchants, factory owners, and professionals; some were highly educated and wealthy and were part of the third estate |
| sans culottes | "without knee breaches", the workers of the third estate who would go hungry without work |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | "liberty, equality, fraternity (brotherhood)", document stating basic rights for all men (not women) adopted by the National Assembly in 1789 |
| radical | someone who favors extreme change |
| Robespierre | known for his intense dedication to revolution, became very radical and led National Convention during its bloodiest time |
| guillotine | device that dropped a sharp, heavy blade through a victim's neck |
| counterrevolution | a revolution against a government that was established by a revolution |
| Reign of Terror | a series of accusations, trials, and executions to eliminate any opposition to the revolutionary government |
| privileges | special rights or opportunities |
| Revolutionary Tribunal | groups created to eliminate threats to the revolutionary movement from within |
| Montagnards | "The Mountain", the most radical of the revolutionary groups, many members also belonged to the radical Jacobin Club |
| Girondins | the moderate of the revolutionary factions, generally supported a constitutional monarchy, resisted extremes |
| Directory | the last of the Revolutionary governments, in place when Napoleon came to power |
| Bastille | French prison that was stormed at the beginning of the Revolution (July 14, 1789); a symbol of the Revolution |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | general and Emperor of France, seized power in a coup d'etat in 1799, conquered much of Europe |
| Admiral Horatio Nelson | British admiral; he defeated Napoleon's navy in Egypt and again at the Battle of Trafalgar |
| coup d'etat | a forced and sudden transfer of power |
| plebiscite | a question put before all voters |
| Continental System | a blockade put in place by Napoleonic France to stop trade with Great Britain and weaken that country |
| nationalism | a sense of identity and unity as a people |
| Czar Alexander I | Russian ruler at the time of Napoleon's invasion of Russia |
| Hundred Days | a brief period of renewed glory for Napoleon when he was returned to power in France |
| Duke of Wellington | leader of British and allies who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo for the final time |
| Klemens von Metternich | key player at Congress of Vienna who wanted a return to monarchy, tradition, and the limiting of France's power |
| Talleyrand | French representative at the Congress of Vienna |
| indemnity | a payment to other countries to compensate them for damages |
| reactionary | people with ideals that oppose progress and want a return to ideals of an earlier time |
Created by:
sgruszynski
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