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Mid East History
Review Questions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| There is no God but God & Muhammad is the prophet of God | Allah, al-illah |
| Messenger | Rasul |
| Prophet | Nabi |
| Paternal Uncle of Muhammad(Raised Muhammad) Quaraishi Oligarch, wealthy trader. | Abu Talib |
| Pre-Islamic term for individuals in Hijaz region who pursued experience and interaction with Gods of the region | Hanif |
| Recognize many Gods, but accept one over all others | henotheism |
| Arabian Peninsula including Mecca & Medina | Hijaz |
| Trading City on caravan route/Market/Shrine of Ka’aba | Mecca |
| (Medina) - Farming Community where new religion takes place | Yathrib |
| (Large Groups)-Ethos of courage – An eye for an eye | Bedouins |
| Early Bedouin society, (Polytheists) – Belief in multiple Gods | Pagan |
| (Genie) – Good & Evil spirits disguised as Animals (Bedouin beliefs) | Djinn |
| (Old Man) – Made deals with other tribes | Shaykhs |
| (Ignorant) Views that defy and reject the guidance sent down by God through his Prophets. | Jahilliyah |
| (Cube) Haram (sanctuary) forbidden of violence, located in Mecca, | Ka’aba |
| Keepers of the Keys. Group that controlled the Ka’aba. Obtained great deal of power. | Quraysh |
| Muhammads father-in-law(Father of Khadija) first political successor(Caliph) | Abu Bakr |
| Son of Abu Talib, cousin of Muhammad, marries Fatima (Muhammads daughter) | Ali |
| Theme of early teaching of Muhammad - The nature of God – Means the Compassionate | Ar-Rachman |
| Move for Muhammad and 70 followers from Mecca to Yathrib(Medina) | Hijra |
| Wife of Muhammad(@age 25)- Caravan Trader, wealthy/independent(Rare for women) | Khadija |
| Daughter of Muhammad and Khadija, who marries Ali. | Fatima |
| (Recitation) 114 Chapters(Sura) -Sorted longest to shortest – Revealed to Muhammad from God. | Quran/iqra |
| (Profession of Faith) - Means "Witness" - First Pillar. There is no God but God, and Muhammad is a messenger of God. | shahada |
| Means” helpers”- Medinan citizens that helped Muhammad on the arrival to the city after the migration to Medina | Ansar |
| Mosque- Muslim place of worship | masjid |
| Muslim community of believers(Congregation, members of a mosque/or all Muslims in the world | Ummah |
| (Tithe) – Means "Charity",-3rd Pillar. alms=Giving(2-3% of ones wealth) | zakat |
| Head covering worn in public my some Muslim women | hijab |
| Collection of sayings & doings of Muhammad | hadith |
| – practice of having more than one wife or husband at the same time | polygamy |
| Spiritual struggle within oneself against sin | jihad |
| Took over as Caliph after Abu Bakr’s death. Began administrative and religious regulations that enabled expansion of Islamic Empire | Umar |
| 3rd Caliph, took over after death of Umar. Quran was edited into its final form. | Uthman |
| Son of Ali and Fatima. Cousin & son-in-law of Muhammad | ‘Ali |
| First Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. | Muawiyah |
| Capital of Umayyad Caliphate | Damascus |
| Fought between Ali ibn, Abi Talib, and Muawiyah l, on banks of Euphrates river. | The Battle of Siffin |
| Muslims who initially supported the caliphate Ali, but rallied to Caliph Muawiya. | Kharijites |
| Refers to the first four Caliphs who established its Caliphate. Concept of “rightly Guided Caliphs”. Originated with ABBASID Dynasty. | Rashidun |
| Second largest denomination of Islam. Shiites. | Shi’atu Ali or Shi’ah |
| First hereditary dynasty of Muslim caliphs. Extended from Spain to Indea, overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate. | The Umayyad Caliphate |
| – Means “Successor”- Chief Muslim civil and religious ruler. | Caliph |
| Muslim religious scholars. Primary interpreters of Islamic Law. | Ulama |
| What was the significance of the Kaba before Muhammad? | -Meccan temple in which numerous pegan idols were housed. |
| Who were the Quraysh and how were they related to the Kaba | -Keepers of the keys, controlled the Kaba |
| Means "Fasting" - 4th pillar. Refraining/Ramadan- Not eating anything for certain period of time | Sawm |
| Pilgramage to Mecca. 5th Pillar.Last month of Islamic calandar. Receive forgiveness of all sings. Retracing last things Muhammad did on his way to Mecca before dying. | Hajj |
| Prayer- 2nd Pillar. Pray 5 times per day(Dawn, Noon, Afternoon, Sunset, Night/Bedtime. Friday=Noon pray communal. | Salat |
| Means "Sincerity"- Coming closer to God, doing things the way they are suppose to be done. | Ihsan |
| Belief in only one God. | Monotheism |
Created by:
braden.robertson
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