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Modern Art Test 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The decoration of grotto interiors using small stones and shells. | rocaille |
| Town houses of rich Parisians during the 18th century. | Hotels |
| Educated and intelligent women who hosted salons for learned conversation between men and women. | femmes savants |
| A painting of a party or gathering often referring to amorous affairs; e.g. Cupids flying around in the painting. | fete galante |
| A group who believed that drawing and form were the most important elements in a painting | Poussinistes |
| A group who believe that color and coloristic style were the most important elements in a painting. | Rubenistes |
| A sculptor called Clodion | Claude Michel |
| King Louis XV's mistress who notably influenced fashion and style | Madmae de Pompadour |
| Pilgrimage church based on a dynamic interplay of ovals and circles | Vierzehnheiligen |
| A Rococo artist from Italy. | Giambattista Tiepolo |
| Philosophy whose basis was in empirical evidence | Enlightenment |
| Englishman whose ideas dealt with the natural rights of man- life, liberty, property, and freedom of conscience | John Locke |
| French intellectuals whose composite doctirnes were the doctrine of progress and the perfectibility of humankind. | Philosophes |
| editor of the Encylopedie in which he tried to gather all the useful knowledge in one place | Diderot |
| He edited a specialized encyclopedia of the natural sciences called Natural History | Comte de Buffon |
| Inventor of the system of plant classification | Carolus Linnaeus |
| the ideological justification for colonial expansion into new territories | Manifest Destiny |
| the old order of French kings and state religions which Voltaire's writings and actions helped to brush away | ancien regime |
| a world-wide phenomena of change from an agricultural subsistence society to an urban production one, starting with the invention of steam power. | Industrial Revolution |
| A French philosophe who argued that the idea of progress was what corrupted man, and that he was better off closer to his primal or primitive state. | Jean-Jacques Rosseau |
| Rococo | France, 1700s. Exterior was simple. Interiors were exquisitely done with wrought iron furniture, enchanting small sculptures, ornamented mirror frames, small paintings, tapestries, relief sculpture, mural paintings. |
| Salon De La Princesse | modled after the Hall of Mirrors @ Versailles. But with softened architectural lines, sinuous curves. Irregular painted shapes surmounted by sculpture and separated by the typical rocaille shels. Foliage, for a nature feel. |
| Amalienburg | a small lodge built by Francois De Cuvilles in the park of the Nymphenburg Palace in Munich. Rococo style from Paris. |
| Madame de Pompadour: | 1721-1764, Mistress to Louis XV, France. |
| Maria Theresa | 1717-1780 archduchess of Austria, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia |
| Russia | Empress Elizabeth (1741-1762) and Catherine the Great are from here. |
| femmes savantes | learned women |
| Julie de Lespinasse | 1732-1776: a most articulate, urbane, and intelligent French woman of the time. She held salons from 5-9p. Memiors of Marmontel. |
| Vierzehnheiligen, Balthasar Neumann (1687-1753). | The interior exhibits vivacious play of architectural fantasy that retains the dynamic energy of Italian Baroque arch, but not its drama. Numerous windows. A feeling of lightness and delicacy. Influence of Borromini. Neumann banishes straight lines |
| Antoine Watteau, 1684-1721 | painter most associated with French Rococo. |
| L'Indifferent | pompous majesty in supreme glory, as if the prince were viewing throngs of bowing courtiers at Versailles. Antoine Watteau. |
| Pilgrimage to Cythera | fete galante depicts the outdoor entertainment or amusements of the French high society. It divided the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture. Lovers have gone to Cythera, island of eternal youth and love sacred to Aphrodite. |
| Nicolas Poussin | He believed that form was the most important element in painting. |
| Peter Paul Rubens | He believed that color and coloristic style is the artists proper guide. |
| Francois Boucher | 1703-1770, rose to fame thanks to Madame Pompadour. Fame rested on Arcadian shepherds, nymphs, and goddesses. |
| Cupid A Captive | Used Italian and French Baroque devices, dynamic play of crisscrossing diagonals, curvilinear forms, and slanting recessions. |
| Jean-Honorè Fragonard | Boucher's greatest student 1732-1806. an outstanding colorist whose decorative skill almost surpassed his master's. Famous for The Swing. |
| Giambattista Tiepolo | 1696-1770: worked for Austria, Germany, Spain, (home country of) Italy. Master of illusionistic ceiling decoration in the Baroque tradition. Favored bright cheerful colors, relaxed compositions of Rococo easel paintings. |
| Apotheois of the Pisani Family | ceiling fresco. Pisani family members of the rank of gods. Giambattista Tiepolo. |
| Clodion | Claude Michel (1738-1814) specialized in small, lively sculptures representing sensuous Rococo fantasies incorporates Italian Mannerist sculpture. |
| Enlightenment | a new way of thinking critically about the world and about humankind, independently of religion, myth or tradition. |
| 17th century scientific and mathematical achievements | Rene Descartes (1596-1650); Blaise Pascal (1623-1662); Isaac Newton (1642-1727); Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz (1646-1716) |
| Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) | Americans that embraced the Enlightenment |
| Isaac Newton | Great Britain. Insisted on empirical proof of his theories and encouraged others to avoid metaphysics and supernatural. Tangible data and concrete evidence |
| John Locke | Great Britain. Believed "doctrine of empiricism." Humans are born good, not cursed by Original Sin. His ideas empowered people to take control of their own ideas. |
| Philosophes: | french intellectuals. Ills of humanity could be remedied by reason & common sense to human problems. "Doctrine of Progress" by accumulation & propagation of knowledge humanity could advance by degrees to happier state. "Perfecibility of humankind." |
| Diderot | (1713-1784) Philosophes took on the task of gathering knowledge and making it accessible to all who could read. Edited the Encyclopédie. |
| Encylopédie | a compilation of articles written by more than 100 contributors, including all leading philosophes. Included all available knowledge. |
| Comte de Buffon | Natural History |
| Carolus Linnaeus | (1707-1778) Swedish botanist. Established a system of plant classification |
| What occurred during the Enlightenment? | Industrial Revolution, French Revolution, and Industrial Revoulution |
| Manifest Destiny | Ideological justification for continued territorial expansion. |
| Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet | (1694-1778) Most representative figure and almost the personification of Enlightenment. Key in the intro of Newton and Locke to French intelligentsia. His books and pamphlets were regularly burned. Protested. Not convinced that all men are created equal. |
| Ancient régime | old order |
| Industrial Revolution | began with steam engines in England in 1740s for industrial production and transportation. 1850s manufacturing economy. |
| Joseph Wright | artist of A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery. a scholar demonstrates a mechanical model of the solar system. |
| Orrery | each planet revolves around a lamp (the sun) at the correct relative velocity. |
| Coalbrookdale Bridge | an iron bridge designed by Abraham Darby III and Thomas F. Pritchard. |
| Neoclassism | the artist movement that incorporated the subjects and styles of ancient art. |
| Edward Gibbon (1737-1794) | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire |
| Johann Joachim Wincklemann | (1717-1768) first modern art historian. Reflection on the Imitation of Greek Works... and History of Ancient Art |
| Angelica Kauffmann | (1741-1807) Born in Swisserland, trained in Italy. Founding member of Britain Royal Academy of Arts. Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures/Mother of the Gracchi. |
| Exemplum virtutis | example or model of virtue. |
| Jacques-Louis David | (1748-1825) The Neoclassical painter-ideologist of the French Revolution. Rebelled against Rococo art. (artificial taste.) |
| Oath of the Horatii | Jacques-Louis David, neoclassicism. |
| Death of Marat | David, 1793. Served as propaganda and a record. Based on Michelangelo's Pieta Christ. |
| Pantheon | 1713-1780 Jacques-Germain Soufflot. In greek and roman style |
| Chiswich House | Richard Boyle, William Kent |
| Virtruvius Britannicus | 3 vols of engravings of ancient buildings and prefaced by a denunciation of Italian Baroque and high praise for Palladio and Jones |
| Nicholas Revett and James Stuart | (1713-1788) painter and architect. Antiquities of Athens. 1st vol that introduced Europe to splendor and originality of Greek art in 1762 |
| Thomas Jefferson | (1743-1826) Scholar, economist, educational theorist, statesmen, gifted amateur architect. Monticello redone after European trip. |
| University of VA | The Rotunda |
| Benjamin Latrobe | (1764-1820) builder of US Capitol. must use Roman style. |
| Jean-Antoine Houdon | French Neoclassical sculptor of late 18 century. Bust of Benjamin Franklin. Portrait of George Washington (sculpture) |
| Horatio Greenough | American commissioned to sculpt George Washington. No one liked it because it was too Zeus like. |
Created by:
acpearl
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