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WHPN Ch 11 Sec 1

History

QuestionAnswer
What were Expeditions under taken by Europeans to recapture (from the Muslims) the Holy Land for Christianity? Crusades
Name of the Pope who called for Europeans to go on the Crusades? Urban II
Who was the French King who helped lead the Second Crusade? Louis VII
Who was the Holy Roman Emperor who helped lead the Second Crusade? Conrad III
Name of the Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187? Salah al-Din
Why are the crusades refered to as "successful failures" ? 1) Failed primary goal of recapturing the Holy Land 2) Succeeded in bringing important changes to Europe.
Name some of the important changes in Europe due to the crusades? 1)Military technology, 2)Political power 3)Influenced by new ideas and goods 4) underwent commercial changes
Why did the Crusades occur or come to be? To regain the Holy Land and Christians were being persecuted by the Muslims
Were any of the crusades successful? The First
Near what city did the paths of the four Crusades cross? Constantinople
What is one of the earleist and best known Epic poems of medieval Erurope depicting the death of a knight in Charlemagne's army? "The Song of Roland"
In the Crusader kingdoms, a new type of knight developed and were called by what name? The Monk Knight
Name the two most famous orders of the Monk Knights? 1) Knights Templar and 2) Knights Hospitailiers
Why were the Knights Templar formed? To Protect Christian Pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land
Why were the Knights Hospitailiers formed? To care for the sick pilgrims in Jerusalem
Name three cities along the eastern Mediterranean coast, each in a different state, in which the crusaders settled? 1) Tripoli, 2) Famagusta & 3) Beirut, Sidon, Tyre or Acre
The Crusades began in 1096 til the late 1200's? True
Who let the First Crusades? French and Norman Nobles
The first crusaders moved across Europe to what city? Constantinople
Why did the crusaders receive a hostile reception from the Byzantine emperor who had requested their help? Fearful of the several armies as they might try to capture his city
After the 1st crusaders left Constantinople where did they head? Across Asia Minor toward Palestine, captured Antioch and continued toward Jerusalem
As the 1st crusaders marched down the coast toward Palestine what helped to improve their conditions? Fleets of ships from Italy with reinforcements and supplies
Did the 1st crusaders capture Jerusalem and how was that possible? Yes, because the Turks were quarreling and dis-United
After the crusaders captured Jerusalem they set up four small states, name them. 1)The County of Edessa, 2) The Principality of Antioch, 3) The County of Tripoli 4) The Kingdom of Jerusalem
Following Muhhamads death his successors and their Kingdoms were known as what? Calsphes
Name the groups of people who lived in Isreal? Cananoites, Hebrews, Romans, Byzantines, Persians, Arab Muslims, Muslim Turks
When Umar arrived in Jerusalum a Covanant was drawn up, What was the name of the covenant? The Umariany Covenant
What did the Umariany Covenant provide for? Surrender of the city, Gave gurantees of Civil and Religious liberty to Christians in exchange Jizya(tax)
What did Christian and Muslim regard Palistine as? The Holy Land
Who conquered Syria, Palistine and Jerusalum? The Seljuk Turks
3000 christian pilgrims were massacured in Jerusalum and churches were made into what? Stables
Who was the Byzantine Emperor who asked Pope Urban II for help Alexis I of Constantinople
In 1095 the pope met with important nobles and they began spreading the word to do what? To gather an army of crusaders
When the call to join the crusades began, what did people do? They haled it as "God wills it' and sewed crosses on their robes
Why were the nobles and knights excited about the crusades happening? New land and Resources
Why where Merchants happy about the crusades? Opportunity to make money
The battles of the first crusade were extremly bloody. Did the crusaders slaughter only Muslims? No, Muslims and Jews
Once the Muslim Turks regained their strength after many years, what 2 places did they capture? County of Edessa and Jerusalem
There where two empires that fought seperately, name them. France Forces and the Holy Roman Empire
Name the King of France and the Emporer of the Holy Roman Empire that fought seperately until they reached Damascus? King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of the Holy Roman Empire.
Did the crusaders win the second crusade? No, they were crushed and returned home in defeat
King Richard the Lion Hearted of England, Emperor Fredrick of the Holy Roman Empire and King Phillip II of France were once again defeated T/F? True
Pope Innocence III persuaded the French Knights to try and recapture Jerusalum from the Muslims? T/F True
Which city did the French Knights attack first? Zandar, because the Vienicans payed them to.
What did the Pope do to all the Knights for attacking the Christian City Zandar? Excommunicated the entire army
What city did the Knights and the Vienicans want to overthrow? Constantinople
Did historians agree on the number of crusades after the fourth? No
Was there ever a Childrens Crusade? Yes
The crusades brought about change, what did the soilders learn about? New Weapons New Military Tactics New Ideas and Products from the Middle East
Name some of the New Weapons and Tacticws the crusader learned from the Muslims or Byzantines? CrossBow GunPowder New attack tactics
Name three European social or political changes brought about by the Crusades? Decline of Feudalism Rise of Kings Improved status of Women Prestige for the Church Cultural Mixing and New Products
Created by: v2013l
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