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WHAP 21

Muslim Empires

QuestionAnswer
Ottomans Turkic people who advanced into Asia Minor during the 14th century; established an empire in the Middle East, north Africa, and eastern Europe that lasted until after Word War I.
Mehmed II Ottoman sultan called the “Conqueror”; captured Constantinople and destroyed the Byzantine Empire.
Janissaries Conscripted youths from conquered regions who were trained as Ottoman infantry divisions; became an important political influence after the 15th century.
Vizier Head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after the 15th century often more powerful than the sultan.
Suleymaniye mosque Great mosque built in Constantinople during the 16th-century reign of the Ottoman ruler Suleyman the Magnificent.
Safavid dynasty Founded by a Turkic nomad family with Shi’a Islamic beliefs; established a kingdom in Iran and ruled until 1722.
Safi al-Din Sufi mystic and first ruler of the Safavid dynasty.
Ismâ’il Safavid leader; conquered the city of Tabriz in 1501 and was proclaimed shah.
Chaldiran Important battle between the Safavids and Ottomans in 1514; Ottoman victory demonstrated the importance of firearms and checked the western advance of their Shi’a state.
Abbas I (the Great) Safavid shah (1587-1629); extended the empire to its greatest extent; used Western military technology.
Imams Shi’a religious leaders who traced their descent to Ali’s successors.
Mullahs Religious leaders under the Safavids; worked to convert all subjects to Shi’ism.
Isfahan Safavid capital under Abbas the Great; planned city exemplifying Safavid architecture.
Mughal dynasty Established by Turkic invaders in 1526; endured until the middle of the 19th century.
Babur Turkic leader who founded Mughal dynasty; died in 1530.
Humayan Son and successor of Babur; expelled from India in 1540, but returned to restore the dynasty in 1556.
Akbar Son and successor of Humayan; built up the military and administrative structure of the dynasty; followed policies of cooperation and toleration with the Hindu majority.
Din-i-Ilahi Religion initiated by Akbar that blended elements of Islam and Hinduism; did not survive his death.
Sati Ritual burning of high-caste Hindu women on their husband’s funeral pyres.
Taj Mahal Mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal, built by her husband Shah Jahan; most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India.
Nur Jahan Wife of ruler Jahangir, who amassed power at the Mughal court and created a faction ruling the empire during the later years of his reign.
Aurangzeb Son and successor of Shah Jahan; pushed extent of Mughal control in India; reversed previous policies to purify Islam of Hindu influences; incessant warfare depleted the empire’s resources; died in 1707.
Ottomans Turkic people who advanced from strongholds in Asia Minor during 1350s;conquered large part of Balkans; unified under Mehmed I; captured Constantinople in 1453; established empire from Balkans that included most of the Arab world.
Red Heads Name given to Safavid followers because of their distinctive read headgear.
Shah Turkic term used for emperor.
Padishah Safavid term used for king of kings.
Nadir Khan Afsher (1688 – 1747) Soldier-adventurer following fall of Safavid dynasty in 1722; proclaimed himself shah in 1736; established short-lived dynasty in reduced kingdom.
Jizya Head tax paid by all nonbelievers in Islamic territories.
Mumtaz Mahal (1593 – 1631) Wife of Shah Jahan; took an active political role in Mughal court; entombed in Taj Mahal.
Marattas Western India peoples who rebelled against Mughal control early in 18th century.
Sikhs Members of a Hindu religious sect.
Created by: mrcooper
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