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APII Heart
Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A healthy 80-kilogram resting adult's heart beats ____ times per min. | 75 |
| The amount of blood pumped from one ventricle per min is called ____ ____. | cardiac output |
| When the body is more active and needs more nutrients the heart can increase its output by ____ to ____ fold. | 5-6 |
| Two basic types of blood vessels are ____ and ____. | arteries, veins |
| ____ carry blood AWAY from the heart. | Arteries |
| ____ carry blood TO the heart. | Veins |
| The arteries and veins entering and leaving the heart are called the ____ ____. | great vessels |
| The heart’s anatomy ensures the ____ flow of blood through it. | unidirectional |
| Backflow of blood is prevented by ____. | valves |
| The heart acts like two side-by-side pumps that work at the same ____ and pump the same ____ of blood. | rate, volume |
| The heart develops ____ ____ through alternate cycles of heart wall contraction and relaxation. | blood pressure |
| Pulmonary circulation consists of the chambers on the ____ side of the heart. | right |
| Cardiac output = ____ *____ | stroke volume multiplied by heart rate |
| Systemic circulation consists of the chambers on the ____ side of the heart. | left |
| Most veins merge and drain into the superior and inferior ____ ____ which drains blood into the ____ atrium. | venae cavae, right |
| The heart is located ____ of the body midline, posterior to the ____ and in the ____. | left, sternum, mediastinum |
| The heart is slightly rotated so the ____ border is more anterior and the ____ border is more posterior. | right, left |
| The posterosuperior surface of the heart is called the ____. | base |
| The ____ ____ is formed by the great arterial trunks and the superior vena cava. | superior border |
| The heart's conical end is called the ____. | apex |
| The inferior border is formed by the ____ ____. | right ventricle |
| The heart is contained within the ____, a fibrous sac and serous lining. | pericardium |
| 2 functions of the pericardium: ____ heart movement and prevents it from ____ with blood | restricts, overfilling |
| The outer portion of the pericardium is a tough, dense connective tissue layer called ____ _____. | fibrous pericardium |
| The inner layer of pericardium is a thin, double-layered serous membrane called ____ ____. | serous pericardium |
| The serous pericardium is divided into two layers _____ layer and ____ layer. | parietal, visceral |
| The ____ layer of serous pericardium lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium. | parietal |
| The ____ layer of serous pericardium covers the outside of the heart. | visceral |
| The thin space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous pericardium is the ____ ____. | pericardial cavity |
| The pericardial cavity is a ____ space with just a thin lining of serous fluid. | potential |
| In an average normal adult the heart weighs ____ to ____ grams. | 250-350 |
| The ____ is the outermost heart layer and is AKA visceral layer. | epicardium |
| The ____ is the middle layer of the heart wall and is composed of cardiac muscle tissue. | myocardium |
| The myocardium is where ____ ____ (heart attacks) occur. | myocardial infarctions |
| The internal surface of the heart and the external surface of the valves are covered by _____. | endocardium |
| The endocardium is composed of a simple squamous endocardium called _____ and a layer of areolar connective tissue. | endothelium |
| The left and right ____ are thin-walled chambers located superiorly in the heart. | atria |
| The anterior part of each atrium is a wrinkled flap like extension called an _____. | auricle |
| The right atrium receives blood from the ____ circulation and the left atrium receives blood from the ____ circulation. | systemic, pulmonary |
| The left and right ____ are the inferior chambers in the heart. | ventricles |
| Two large arteries, the ____ trunk and the ____ exit the heart at its superior border. | pulmonary, aorta |
| The pulmonary trunk carries blood from the ____ ____ into the pulmonary circulation. | right ventricle |
| The aorta conducts blood from the left ventricle in the ____ circulation. | systemic |
| The atria are separated from the ventricles externally by a deep _____ _____. | coronary sulcus |
| The anterior/posterior inter-ventricular sulci are located between the left and right _____. | ventricles |
| All sulci house blood vessels packed in ____ tissue. | adipose |
| The heart possesses four chambers: | Right atrium, Right ventricle, Left atrium, Left ventricle |
| The heart possesses four valves: | Right atrioventricular (tricuspid), Pulmonary semilunar, Left atrioventricular (bicuspid or mitral), Aortic semilunar |
| In a normal 80 kg resting adult blood pumped from one ventricle per min ____ L (cardiac output). | 5.25 |
| The ____ _____ of the heart is located between the atria and the ventricles, is formed from dense regular connective tissue. | fibrous skeleton |
| ____ ____ separates the atria and the ventricles. | fibrous skeleton |
| The ____ ____ anchors heart valves by forming supportive rings at their attachment points. | fibrous skeleton |
| Fibrous skeleton provides ____ ____ between atria and ventricles that ensure muscle impulses are not spread throughout the heart. | electrical insulation |
| ____ ____ provides a rigid framework for the attachment of cardiac muscle tissue. | fibrous skeleton |
| The right ____ receives venous blood from the systemic circulation and the heart muscle itself. | atrium |
| Three major vessels empty blood into the right atrium ____ ____ ____, inferior vena cava, ____ ____. | superior vena cava, coronary sinus |
| The ____ ____ ____ drains blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and superior regions of the trunk n to the right atrium. | superior vena cava |
| The ____ ____ ____ drains blood from the lower limbs and trunk into the right atrium. | inferior vena cava |
| The ____ ____ drains blood from the heart wall into the right atrium. | coronary sinus |
| The ___ ___ forms a thin wall between the right and left atria. | interatrial septum |
| The auricle and the anterior atrial wall exhibit muscular ridges called ____ muscles. | pectinate |
| The interatrial septum has an oval depression called ____ ____. | fossa ovalis |
| The fossa ovalis is formally known as the fetal ____ ovale. | foramen |
| Separating the right atrium from the right ventricle is the right ____ opening. | atrioventricular |
| The right AV opening is covered by a right ____ valve (tricuspid). | atrioventricular |
| The right AV valve is forced closed when the RV begins to contract preventing ____. | backflow |
| The right ventricle receives ____ venous blood from the RA. | deoxygenated |
| An ____ ____ forms a thick wall between the right and left ventricles. | interventricular septum |
| The internal wall of each ventricle has large, smooth, irregular muscular ridges called ____ ____. | trabeculae carneae |
| The right ventricle typically has three cone-shaped, muscular projections called ____ muscles. | papillary |
| Papillary muscles in the ventricles anchor numerous strands of collagen fibers called ____ ____. | chordae tendineae |
| The ____ ____ attach to the lower surface of cusps of the right AV valve and prevent the valve from everting and flipping into the atrium. | chordae tendineae |
| A muscle bundle called ____ ____ connects the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the interventricular septum. | septomarginal trabecular |
| At the superior end the RV narrows into a smooth-walled conical region called ____ ____. | conus arteriosus |
| Beyond the conus arteriosus is the ____ ____ valve that marks the end of the RV and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk. | pulmonary semilunar |
| The ____ ____ divides into right and left pulmonary arteries which carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs. | pulmonary trunk |
| Semilunar valves are located within the walls of both ventricles; each valve is composed of three thin, half-moon shaped, and pocket like semilunar _____. | cusps |
| Oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary veins to the ____ ____. | left atrium |
| Separating the left ventricle and the left atrium in the left ____ opening, the opening is covered by ____ ____- valve (bicuspid/mitral). | atrioventricular, left atrioventricular (AV) |
| At the superior end of the ventricular cavity, the ____ ____ ____ marks the end of the left ventricle and the entrance into the aorta. | aortic semilunar valve |
| Left and right ____ ____ travel within the coronary sulcus of the heart to supply the heart wall. | coronary arteries |
| The left and right coronary arteries are the only branches of the ascending ____. | aorta |
| The right coronary artery typically branches into the right ____ artery and the posterior ____ artery. | marginal, interventricular |
| The right marginal artery supplies the ____ ____ of the heart. | right border |
| The posterior interventricular artery supplies ____ surface of both the left and right ventricles. | posterior |
| The left coronary artery branches into ____ ____ artery and the _____ artery. | anterior interventricular, circumflex |
| The anterior interventricular artery supplies the ____ surface of both ventricles and most of the interventricular septum. | anterior |
| The circumflex artery supplies the left ____ and ____. | atrium, ventricle |
| Coronary arteries are considered ___ ___ arteries despite the fact that they have anastomoses. | functional end |
| ___ let the arteries share a tiny amount of blood. This is not enough blood to share when one of them is blocked. | Anastomoses |
| The great ____ ____ runs alongside the anterior interventricular artery. | cardiac vein |
| The ____ ____ vein runs alongside the posterior interventricular artery. | middle cardiac |
| The ____ ____ vein travels close to the right marginal artery. | small cardiac |
| The great, middle, and small cardiac veins all drain into the ____ ____, a large vein that lies in the posterior aspect of the coronary sulcus. | coronary sinus |
| The coronary sinus drains directly into the ____ ____ of the heart. | right atrium |
| Because the ventricular myocardium is compressed during contraction most of coronary flow occurs during ventricular _____. | relaxation |
| An inadequate coronary blood flow called ____ is an increased heart rate that shortens diastole. | tachycardia |
| Inadequate coronary blood flow called ____ is the reduced ability of blood flow through the ventricular myocardium. | hypotension |
| Deoxygenated blood is carried in the _____ circuit. | pulmonary |
| ____ is a visceral layer of serous pericardium surrounding the outer walls of the heart | Epicardium |
| What is the function of serous fluid? | lubrication |
| The coronary sulcus separate the ____ and the ____ externally | atria, ventricles |
| Closure of right atrioventricular valve is caused by the ____ of the right ventricle. | contraction |
| The _____ _____ attach to the lower surface of cusps of the right AV valve and prevent the valve from everting and flipping into the atrium when the RV is contracting. | chordae tendineae |
Created by:
BrandiLynn
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