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World History 2 Exam
Exam Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When and where did the Renaissance begin? Where did it spread to? | Renaissance began in 1350 in Italy and spread to Northern Europe. |
| Who invented the printing press? What book was the first mass production? | Gutenberg invented the printing press. The bible was the first mass production. |
| Best known writer of the Renaissance? | William Shakespeare. |
| Machiavelli | Wrote The Prince. Argued that a ruler should be only kind when it serves the purpose. |
| Painted the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. | Leonardo Da Vinci |
| Painted the Sistine Chapel and sculpted David. | Michelangelo |
| Wrote Praise of Folly. What did this make fun of? | Erasmus (Humanist). Made fun of christian society and the Catholic Church. |
| Products from Europe | Weat, wool |
| Products from India | Spices, luxury goods, textile, medicine, perfume, and the number system |
| Products from the Middle East | Coffee and Ceramics |
| Products From China | Porcelain, paper, compass, silk |
| Products from Africa | Salt and gold |
| What regional trade route connects China with Europe? | Silk Road |
| Who wrote the first book? What was the book called? | Miguel Cervantes, Don Quixote |
| Define Reformation | The effort in the 16th century (1500) to reform the western church that results in the separation of the Protestant churches and Roman Catholic Churches. |
| John Wycliff | Called for reformation in England. He is a Dissenter. |
| Whats a Dissenter? | One who argues against church doctrine(policy. |
| John Hus | Called for reformation in Bohemia. Said, " The pope do not have worldly powers". The bible has more authority than the church leaders. Burned at the stack for his beliefs. |
| Martin Luther | He posted the 95 thesis. He was concerned with indulgences, he argued with church interpretation of the Bible, and said that people win salvation by faith alone. |
| Martin Luther's 3 big ideas | 1.people win salvation by faith alone 2. Bible is the ultimate authority 3. all people are equal |
| What is Martin Luther credited for? | The birth of the Protestant Church |
| Define Protestant Reformation | A movement in the western Christian Church to split with the Catholic Church. |
| 3 religions founded during the Reformation? | Lutheran, Calvinism, and Anglican |
| John Calvin's beliefs? What did he expand? | Predestination, faith revealed by living a righteous life, and work ethic. Expanded the Protestant Movement. |
| What was the main goal of the Jesuits? | To spread Catholic religion and fight heresy. |
| Charles V | Ruler of the Holy Roman Empire. He is Catholic and a Hapsburg. He tried to stop Luther at the Diet of Worms. |
| Secularism | Worry about life on Earth VS. the spiritual world |
| What was the Council of Trent? | Meeting that reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings in opposition to protestant beliefs. |
| What was the 30 year's war? | Conflicts between Protestants and Catholics, was the first war due to religious purposes, but later political thanks to Cardinal Richelieu. |
| What was the Edict of Nantes? | The French catholic monarchy granted protestant Huguenots freedom of warship in France. |
| William Harvey | Discovered the circulation of blood. |
| Johannes Kepler | Planets revolve around the Sun. Planetary motion. |
| Nicholas Copernicus | The sun is the center of the universe. Heliocentric Theory. |
| Galileo | Law of pendulum. Built his own telescope and used it to support the Heliocentric Theory. Also, he discovered that the moon has craters. |
| Isaac Newton | Law of universal gravitation. Earth & Heavens. |
| Fredrick the Wise? | He kidnapped Martin Luther to save him, hid him in his castle, Wartburg. |
| Henry VIII | Because of him England becomes protestant. He dismisses the authority of the pope! He wants a divorce from Catherin of Argon, wants to marry Anne Boleyn. England breaks away from Rome. He takes all wealth and property of Roman Catholic Church in England. |
| Queen Elizabeth I | Made Church of England the Anglican Church. Had a tolerance for dissenters. Expands colonies and over seas empires. |
| What cause the reformation in England? | Pope refused to grant King VIII a divorce from his wife. |
| Society of Jesus? Who was it founded by? | Jesuits. Founded by Ignatius of Loyola. |
| Who developed the scientific method? | Francis Bacon |
| Voltaire | Wrote the Treatise on Toleration. All religion should be tolerated. Separation of church and state. The "power of the pen". |
| Baron De Montesquieu | Wrote " On the Spirit of the Laws". Separation within a gov't or separation of power: Executive & Legislative. Checks and Balance. |
| Thomas Hobbes | Wrote "Leviathan". Exists in primitive state of nature and naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish. The gov't needs to protect them(absolute monarchy). |
| John Locke | Wrote "Two Treatise on Government". People have certain natural rights: Life, liberty, and property and gov't needs to protect them. Monarchs are not divine. If gov't fails, rebel. |
| Rousseau | Wrote "social contract". Society agrees to be governed. Government is a contract between rulers and the people. |
| Triangular Trade | Europe, Africa, South or North America. |
| Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal | Created a school to train navigators. Established trade markets on the west coast of Africa, in trading Portugal to the slave trade. |
| This means to travel completely around the world. | Circumnavigate |
| Bartolomeo Dias (Portugal) | Sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, but didn't make it all the way to Asia. |
| Vasco Da Gama (Portugal) | Cape to India and back with success. |
| Christopher Columbus (Spain) | Discovered San Salvador, West Indies |
| Ferdinand Magellan (Spain) | Named to Pacific Ocean and reached the Philippines. Sailed around the world but died before he could make it all the way around. |
| Hernando Cortes (Spain) | Discovers Mexico and defeats the Aztecs. |
| Francisco Pizarro (Spain) | Conquered the Inca's and is a Conquistador in Peru, |
| Jacques Cartier (France) | Sailed up the St.Lawrence River and Discovered Quebec. |
| Sir Francis Drake (England) | Successfully sailed around the world. |
| Louis XIV | Encourages a blossoming of culture. Cancels the Edict of Nantes. He says " I am the State". Sun King. His house in France is the Versailles. |
| Peter the Great | Westernizes Russia, cleaned up the nobles, centralized power, and was a divine ruler. |
| Charles I | Wanted to be an absolute monarch, but fails. EXECUTED. |
| Whats is it called when the mother country benefits financially from its colonies? | Mercantilism |
| When money becomes worthless, because too much is printed, cause by an influx of silver into Europe. | Inflation |
| Where did many enlightenment ideas come from? | The classical times of Greece and Rome |
| How did Delacroix use classical themes? | Religion only and Baroque art. |
| "Romantic Art" | Classical subjects, public events, natural scenes, and portraits of living people. |
| Enlightenment Composers | Josef Hayden and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart |
| Communism | Am economic/government system in which their is almost no private property, no economic choice and no profit; government will redistribute wealth equally among all people. |
| Socialism | An economic system in which the gov't owns and controls some of the factors of production; gov't decides who gets what. |
| Capitalism | An economic system in which there is little or no gov't role in the economy; economic choice, private property; entrepreneurs take the risk of starting businesses and get the profit. |
| Adam Smith | Writes "The Wealth of Nations" |
| Eli Whitney | Invents the Cotton Gin, 1793. Increased demand for slaves. |
| James Watt | Invents steam engine, 1764. |
| George Stephenson | Invents steam powered locomotives, 1820's. |
| Henry Bessemer | Invents process for making steel, 1856 |
| Edward Jenner | Small Pox Vaccination, 1796. |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovery of bacteria, 1862. |
| The first country to abolish slavery? | Great Britain |
| Napoleon | Unsuccessfully attempted to unify Europe under French domination. Creates the Napoleonic Code and awakens feelings of national pride called Nationalism. |
| Congress of Vienna | 1."balance of power", no country can dominate Europe 2.New political map of Europe 3. Restored old monarchies 4. New political philosophies: conservative and liberal |
| Ideology | A system of thoughts and beliefs (new ideas) |
| Enclosure Movement | Land owners converted common lands to private farm lands. |
| Toussaint L' Ouverture | Led a slave rebellion in Haiti. Defeats armies of 3 foreign powers: Spain, France, and Britain. (they all opposed him!) |
| Miguel Hidalgo | Mexican independence from Spain. Built Catholic Church missions to do the work of missionaries. |
| Simon Bolivar | Native resident, a creole. Liberated or freed from Northern Latin America. Liberates (frees them) from Spain. |
| Count Cavour | Unification of Northern Italy. Fights the Austrians. |
| Garibaldi | Unifies the South of Italy and then joins with the North. |
| Otto Von Bismark | From Prussia, organized the unification of 300 German separate states. Uses Nationalism. Must defeat France in the Franco-Prussian War. He gives money to king Ludwig of Bavaria to build a castle. |
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