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ECG CHAPT 2
The Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the heart | Pumps blood to and from all the tissues of the body |
| What is the AORTA | Largest artery - transports blood from the left ventricl to the entire body |
| What is Depolarization | Electrical activation initiates CONTRACTION of the heart muscles |
| What is POLARIZATION | When the cardiac cells return to the RESTING phase of internal negativity |
| What is the CARDIA CYCLE | Contraction and Relaxation of the heart |
| What is SYSTOLE | The heart muscle CONTRACTS, creating pressure to open the pulmonary and aortic vlaves. |
| What is DIASTOLE | When the heart chambers are RELAXING and filling. |
| What is ENDOCARDIUM | Inner layer of the heart that lines the chambers and valves. |
| What is the MYOCARDIUM | This is the MIDDLE LAYER, thickest muscular layer - Repsonsible for the heart contraction |
| What is the EPICARDIUM (AKA VISCEERAL PERICARDIUM) | OUTSIDE,THIN LAYER of the heart that contains the coronary arteries; aka inner layer of pericardium |
| What is the PERICARDIUM | Double Layer Sac that ENCLOSES the heart |
| What is the PARIETAL PERICARDIUM | AKA EPICARDIUM |
| What type of VALVE is the AORTIC and WHERE is it located? | SEMILUNAR VALVE - Between the LEFT Ventricle and the AORTA |
| What type of VALVE is the PULMONARY and WHERE is it located? | SEMILUNAR VALVE - Between the RIGHT VENTRICLE and the PULMONARY ARTERY |
| What type of VALVE is the TRICUSPID and WHERE is it located | ATRIVENTRICULAR and it seperates RIGHT ATRIUM and RIGHT VENTRICLE |
| What type of VAVLE is the MITRAL (BICUSPID)and WHEREis it located | ANTRIVENTRICULAR and it SEPERATES the Left Atrium and LEFT VENTRICLE |
| How many Chabers does the heart have? | FOUR |
| The TOP 2 CHAMBERS ARE? | The RIGHT and LEFT ATRIUM |
| The bottom 2 Chambers are? | The RIGHT and LEFT VENTRICLE |
| BETWEEN the LEFT and RIGHT VENTRICLE is a PARTITION what is it called? | Interventricular Septum |
| What is know as THE WORK HORSE OF THE HEART? | LEFT VENTRICLE |
| WHY> | Because of its THICK MYOCARDIUM AND POWERFUL MUSCULAR CONTRACTION |
| Between the RIGHT ATRIUM and the RIGHT VENTRICLE is what VALVE? | TRICUSPID VALVE |
| Between the LEFT ATRIUM and the LEFT VENTRICLE is what VALVE | MITRAL VALVE (bicuspid valve) |
| These 2 VALVES are know as AV or ATRIOVENTRICULAR VLAVES...WHY? | Because they divide the ATRIUM from the VENTRICLES |
| What does the PULMONARY ARTERY do? | A large artery that carries DEOXYGENATED (no oxygen) BLOOD from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the LUNGS |
| What does the AORTA ARTERY DO? | THE LARGEST ARTERY OF THE BODY - Transporst OXYGENATED BLOOD from the left ventricle to the entire body |
| The PULMONARY and the AORTA ARTERY are called SEMILUNAR Valve....Why? | because the valve flaps look like a half (semi) moon (lunar). Aortic Semilunar valve and the Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
| The SEMILUNAR VALVES do what? | They allow the heart to keep the blood flowing in the right direction. They open and close to prevent BACKFLOW |
| What are BLOOD VESSELS? | Veins and Arteries that transport blood all over the body. |
| Name the 4 MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS that trasport blood to and from the heart | VENAE CAVA - PULMONARY ARTERY - PULMONARY VEINS - AORTA |
| The SUPERIOR VENAE CAVA transports blood from where | HEAD - ARMS and UPPER BODY |
| The INFERIOR VENAE CAVA transports blood from where | THE LOWER BODY and LEGS |
| What is the Sinoatrial (SA) Node | In the UPPER RIGHT ATRIUM that INITIATES THE HEART BEAT |
| What is the AtrIoventricular (AV) Node | DELAYS the impulse to allow the atria to complete their contraction |
| What is AUTOMATICITY? | The HEARTS ABILITY toINITIATE a beat without being stimulated (STARTS BY IT SELF) |
| What is CONDUCTIVITY | The HEARTS ability to receive and send electrical impulses |
| What is CONTRACTILITY | The hearts ability to SHORTEN in responce to an electrical stimulus |
| What system is the heartbeat controlled by? | ANS-AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM - Meaning you have no conscious control over its funtions |
| Figure 2-9 CONDUCTION PATHWAYS | Heartbeat>SA NODE > Travels to ATRIUM ot the AV NODE > Them impulse is divided between the RT and LT Bundle Branches > Travels to the APEX of the heart > Interventricular Septum > Bundle of Branches > Purkinje Fibers > Rt and Lt Ventricles > Contraction |
| WHAT IS KNOW AS THE "PACE MAKER" | SA NODE - SINOATRIAL NODE |
| What does the SA NODE DO? | Electrical impulses occur at the rate of 60 - 100 beats per min |
| What does the AV NODE DO? | Delays electrical impulse |
| WHAT DOES THE BUNDLE OF HIS DO? | CONDUCTS ELECTRICAL IMPULSES FROM THE ATRIUM TO THE VENTRICULAR |
| What does the bundle of branches do | Conducts impulses down BOTH SIDES of the INTERVENTRICULAR SEPTUM |
| The NETWORK PURKINJE FIBERS DO WHAT | Distributes the electrical impulses through the right and left ventricles. |
| The Componet " P WAVE" Has what appearnce? | UPWARD SMALL CURVE - Heart Activity is when the ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION WITH RESULTING ATRIAL CONTRACTION |
| What is the MOST IMPORTANT ELECTRICAL EVENT IN THE HEART? | DEPOLARIZATION |
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spoon6464
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