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Revolutions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causes of the French revolution (name 3) | loss of 7 years war (bankruptcy), more people=more starvation, enlightenment ideas, poor king (Louis the 16th), famine |
| 3 estates? | Clergy(1st), Nobility(2nd), Everyone Else(3rd) |
| Poverty grew very serious in France, so Louis's financial adviser told him to call for a meeting of | The Estates General |
| Tennis Court Oath | deputies for the 3rd estate are locked out of the Estates General meeting, so they go to the handball court and swear they won't stop meeting till a new constitution is made (National Assembly) |
| Declaration of Rights of Man (values and written by...) | class distinctions are abolished, sovereignty belongs to the people, increased freedom of press, Written by National Assembly |
| June 21 1791 | King & Queen of Austria try to escape Paris and are caught |
| Why did the National Assembly call for a declaration of war against Austria? | there was fear royal family in Austria would attack France to get Lois back. It was Marie Antoinette's home |
| January 20/21 1793 | Louis XIV found guilty of treason and executed |
| Reign of Terror | violent oppression, suspended constitution, police spies, death over nothing |
| Committe of Public Safety | 12 man council, rulers of France, collective dictatorship |
| Robespierre | attempts to rebuild republic, wants public service and enthusiasm, "The Great Terror", much more paranoia and executions, Cult of Supreme Being |
| What ended the Reign of Terror? | Robespierre is killed at the guillotine |
| Ancien Regime | "the old order" |
| Estates General | assembly that represented the French people with representatives from all three estates |
| Storming of Bastille | Parisians stormed Bastille royal jail/torture chamber/arsenal in search of weapons fearing the king wanted to undo the National Assembly |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen written by... | National Assembly |
| Goals of National Assembly | Liberty, equality, fraternity |
| The National Assembly created a (form of gvmt) | Constitutional Monarchy |
| Legislative Assembly | makes laws but the King still has the power to enforce them. Eventually they arrest king and set aside constitution |
| National Convention | abolishes monarchy and establishes republic, controlled by Jacobins, executes Louis XVI, uses guillotine |
| Guillotine | execution method, chops off head with no pain |
| Maximilian Robespierre | Jacobin leader, becomes dictator, wants France to be a "republic of virtue", the "incorruptible", creates Cult of Reason, uses guillotine, Reign of Terror |
| After Robespierre... | executive body of 5 men called Directory get power, power put back into the hands of the elite |
| Napoleon gains support by | crushing the Royalist attempt to overthrow the National Convention |
| Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen | freedom, gvmt must uphold rights, popular Sovereignty, innocent till proven guilty, freedom of speech, fair taxes, right to property |
| Olympe de Gauges | flamboyant women's rights activist, journalist, Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female citizen |
| Popular Sovereignty | notion that legitimate political authority lies with the people |
| Mary Wollstonecraft | women's rights, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, society could not progress without women's rights |
| Locke | people are reasonable and should compromise, people have the natural ability to govern themselves, supported a limited power monarchy, gvmt should protect freedom and rights |
| Beccaria | ppl look out for themselves, criminal theory, punishment must be substantial to crime, fair, society needs laws, gvmt shuld work for the greatest happiness of the greatest number |
| Montesquieu | against wealthy, power balanced along 3 separate branches |
| Rousseau | ppl born good, greed and corruption ruins ppl, freedom is preserved when people rule themselves, elected representatives, |
| Liberal | favoring change in gvmt that give people choice in gvmt decisions and guarantee certain rights |
| Radical | favoring extreme changes in gvmt, and the extension of rights to all people, completely different than before |
| Conservative | favoring conservative monarchical methods of governing and don't want change |
| Moderate | opposed to extreme measures or views and want small gradual changes |
| Constitutional Monarchy | a system of gvvmt where a monarch's power is limited by law and the constitution |
| Dictatorship | a gvmt where a ruler has total power |
| Authoritarian | a gvmt system that emphasizes and enforces obedience to authority |
| Republic | a gmt system where gvmt officials are elected to represent the ppl |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | revolution supporter, overthrew Directory, brought stability, became emperor, Concordat, Civil Code, limited free speech, secret police, military conqueror |
| Concordat | pact with roman Catholic Church. Extended religious freedoms and return of Catholicism to France |
| Civil Code | Napoleon's revised Civil Law, merit based, protects private property |
| Grand Army | led to Moscow by Napoleon |
| Napoleon's end | Exiled to Elba island but returned and got army and ruled 100 days, then exiled to St. Helena in South Atlantic |
| Haitian Revolution | Revolution of Saint Dominique on island of Hispaniola |
| Haiti class devisions | many white elite, few less gens de couleur, majority black slaves |
| Gens de Couleur | free people of color, artisans, subsistence farmers, etc. |
| Why did Haitian revolt begin? | Gens de Couleur sent to America to fight revolution, came back with ideas. French revolution gave window of oppurtunity |
| Boukman | voodoo priest that organized the slave revolt |
| Toussaint Louverture | son of slaves, organized a strong army and played European powers (France Spain Britain) against each other, granted equality and citizenship to all, did not declare independence |
| Republic of Haiti | rebels finally won and declared independence, January 1st 1804 |
| Peninsulares | colonial officials from Spain and Portugal, governed the Iberian colonies |
| Creoles | ppl born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese family, wanted to get more control |
| Miguel de Hildago | parish priest, led a peasant rebellion |
| September 16 1810 | Day that Hildago called for rebellion, Mexican national holiday |
| Simon Bolivar | Venezuela Creole elite, believed Enlightenment ideas, took arms against Spain, bumpy road but won |
| Gran Columbia | formed by Bolivar, fell apart due to political and regional difficulties |
| Brazilian Independence | Portuguese king goes to Brazil after Napoleon invades, leaves his son in charge of Brazil later, son is unhappy with control so declares independence |
| Cuadillos | given authority, regional military leaders, long lasting wars caused ppl to support them |
| Who first declared Mexican Independence from Spain? | creole Augustin de Iturbide |
| Juan Manuel Rosas | restored order in Argentina in bloody ways, there used to be discontent between urban Buenes Aires and pampas |
| Benito Juarez | Mexican president, of indigenous decent, liberal reform, constitution, land reform, |
| May 5 1862 | Napolean 3 (after attacking Mexico over unpaid loans) meets resistance at Puebla. He eventually wins anyway |
| Mexican Revolution | middle class and peasants work to overthrow dictator, 1st attempt to get the majority of Latin Americans power, fought for land and liberty, |
| Edmund Burke | condemned radical changes |
| John Stuart Mill | promoted individual freedom and universal suffrage, wanted rights for everyone and less of a power division |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | organized feminist meeting and voted on women's rights, began the change |
| Willim Wilberforce | anti slavery member of parliament, his Bill ended the slave trade |
| Olaudah Equiano | freed slave that argued for abolition |
| Abolition | elites had property rights to slaves, Britain first to abolish in 1833 later USA in 1865 |
| Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen | liberty and justice, suffrage, freedom of speech, right to property, right to jobs, women born free, male tyranny over women |
| Count Camillo de Cavour | combine forces against Austria in North Italy and won |
| Guisepppi Ganibladi | soldier and nationalist, ed south Italy to victory |
Created by:
unknownstudent
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