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WHPN CH 10 Sec 1
History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Middle Ages | The period between the fall of the Roman Empire and modern period. |
| Medieval | Middle Age / From the latin word Medium, meaning "middle," and aevum, meaning "age". |
| Clovis | The founder of Merovingian Dynasty. Clovis conquered other Frankish tribes, became a Christian & forced 3,000 of his men to be baptized and later seized Southwestern Gaul from the Visigoths. |
| Merovingians | The Dynasty of Frankish Kings |
| Charles Martel: | He defeated the Moors at Tours. He was a Frankish Mayor of the palace that stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe at Tours. |
| Pepin the Short | He became the first Carolingian King of the Franks |
| Charlemagne | Frankish King who was declared "Emperor of the Romans". He controlled much of western Europe, founded schools, had books copied, helped spread Christainity. |
| Louis the Pious | Charlemagne's Son |
| Magyars | Nomadic Asiatic people who established a kingdom in Hungary |
| Vikings | Scandinavians who were the most feared invaders in Europe |
| Why did Charlemagne's empire disintegrate? | Internal feuds among his descendants and outside invaders. |
| What might the successors of Charlemagne done to hold the empire together? | Unite behind One Leader / Be stronger with local Lords / Organize Defending the realm better. |
| Why were the Vikings feared more than other invaders? | The Vikings were fierce, strong & cruel. They enjoyed battle and were very skilled warriors. |
| Where did the word Viking come from? | A Scandinavian word, VIK, meaning a creek, inlet or bay. They often waited in viks for vessels to attack. |
| After the collapse of the Roman Empire, what group of people overran Europe? | Germanic Tribes. One of these tribes was the Franks |
| The Franks created a strong kingdom. Name the countries dominated by the Franks. | France, Belgium and the Netherlands |
| Who was the greatest Frankish King? | Charlemagne |
| Near what area did the Franks first enter the Roman Empire in 250 B.C.? | The Rhine River |
| Clovis was the King of a Frankish tribe called? | The Merovingians (his ancestor was named Merovech) |
| Was Clovis a fair and tolerant leader? | No, and excellent military leader but brutal,and cruel. |
| What area did Clovis control? | Northern Gaul |
| Who was wife to Clovis? | Clotilda |
| What is Clotilda credited with accomplishing? | Due to her influence Clovis converted to her religion of Christianity |
| Was Clotilda of royalty? | Yes, she was a Burgundian princess who was forced to run away from her uncle, after her parents were murdered. |
| Clotilda had tried to convert Clovis for many years after their marriage, what did he promise her if he won the battle of Alamanni? | That he would convert to her religion. He won the battle and 2 years later he and 3,000 of his warriors converted to Christianity. |
| After the death of Clovis what happened to Clotilda? | She was unhappy with all the in fighting and retired to the Monastery of Saint Martin at Tours. |
| Women held little political power in Medieval Europe, so why did Clotildas beliefs influence the entire knigdom? | She was a strong woman with firm beliefs. She was the wife of the Frankish Ruler and could affect his policies |
| The chief of each Royal household, that tended to the business of governing was called what? | The Mayor of the Palace (they became the real rulers of each kingdom) |
| Pepin II, was the Mayor of The palace of one kingdom and ruled from 687-714? T/F | True |
| What was the name of Pepin II son? | Charles Martel |
| What was the meaning of the name Charles Martel? | "Charles the Hammer" |
| During the reign of Charles Martel, the Spanish Moors invaded France, were they defeated and if so where? | Yes they were defeated near Tours in central France (halting the Muslum advance in western Europe) |
| If Charles Martel (the Hammer) had not stopped the Muslim expansion how different would things be??? | The religion would be different. Thus the culture, languages, foods, traditions etc. would be different and based on ISLAM |
| Name the two sons of Charles Martel. | Pepin III and Carloman who shared power after Charles death |
| Carloman gave up his control of the kingdom, after 6 years, and did what? | He entered a monastary |
| Pepin III became the sole ruler of the kingdom and was personally crowned by the Pope as what? | "King by the grace of God" |
| What was another name Pepin III was known as? | Pepin the Short |
| The Coronation of Pepin the Short established what Dynasty? | The Carolingian Dynasty |
| While the Pope (from Italy) was crowing Pepin, he asked for Pepins help to fight the Lombards a Germanic tribe threatening Rome, did he help? | Yes, he led the Franks into Italy, defeated the Lombands, took their lands around Rome and gave them to the Pope. |
| What was the donation of land to the Pope by Pepin III called? | "Donation of Pepin" |
| The "Donation of Pepin" created what, that lasted for centuries? | The Papal States, A region ruled by popes for centuries. |
| Who was Pepin's Son? | Charlemagne, the greatest of the Frankish kings. |
| Did Charlemagne have a formal education? Describe him. | Very little formal education, deeply religious, very intelligent. |
| Charlemagne was a patron of learning, the arts, science and literature during the period known as what? | The Carolingian Renaissance |
| Charlemagne spent much of his life at wars. Name the groups he defeated? | The Lombards in Italy, The Saxons in Germany, The avars in Europe. |
| who was the man that defeated the Muslims at the Battle of Tours in 732? | Charles Martel, son of Pepin II |
| Why were the Franks an especially important Germanic tribe in Western Europe? | The Franks had a strong government. They had church support & the mayors of the palace and Charlemaagne revived education and preserved Latin learning. |
| What does "Renovatio imperi romani" mean? | "Renewal of the Roman Empire" |
| Charlemagne was crowned on what day of the year and by whom? | Christmas day by Pope Leo III in Saint Peter's Church in Rome in the year 800 |
| Charlemagne was decreed what title after being crowned? | Emperor of the Romans |
| Why was Charlemagne's title of "Emperor of the Romans" significant? | A recognition that he was successor to the Roman Emperors. 2) Showed close ties between the Franks & Popes (Church) 3) That he Unite Much of Europe for the 1st time in 400 yrs |
| Charlemagne's empire consisted of several hundred region each ruled by a person called what? | A Count |
| Each regional COUNT had to do what for his own lands or territories? | Raise and ARMY and Administer Laws |
| Where did Charlemagne establish a capital? | Aix-la-Chapelle |
| What name is Aix-la-Chapelle known by today? | Aachen, Germany |
| Did Charlemagne's empire levy direct taxes? | No There was plenty of revenue and low expenses |
| Officials called "Missi Dominici" in Latin is translated as what? | "The lord's Messenger" |
| What did the "Missi Dominici" do? | Traveled the empire, listened to complaints, reviewed laws, held the regions COUNTS accountable for serving the emperor, rather than themselves. |
| Charlemagne established a school for whom? | His children and the nobles children and intelligent lower class |
| Charlemagne recruited who as teachers for his school? | Monks |
| Charlemagne gathered scholars together to put together a readable, authentic & standardized what? | Bible |
| Could Charlemagne read and write? | Charlemagne Could READ Charlemagne could NOT write |
| What was Charlemagne favorite book? | St. Augustines "City of God" |
| What was the Bible for Charlemagne's empire called? | The Carolingian Bible |
| Who was Charlemagne only son? | Louis the Pious |
| Who were Louis the Pious 3 sons? | Lothair Charles the Bald Louis the German |
| What did Charlemagne's favorite book, St. Augustines "City of God" encourage? | Urged all Christians to love God |
| Charlemagne's empire crumbled under the control of his only son Louis the Pious? T/F | True |
| After the death of Louis the Pious what happened to the empire built by? | It was split into 3 parts by the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. The Western, The Middle and The Eastern Kingdom |
| The agreement to split the empire into 3 kingdoms by the heirs of Louis the Pious is known as what? | The Treaty of Verdun, signed in 843 |
| In which kingdom was Paris located? | Western Kingdom |
| The Vikings were called by 3 different names, what were they? | Dames (by the English) Northmen or Norse and Vikings |
| What was the primary trade of the Vikings? | Farmers they also gathered, hunted and fished. |
| During the Spring/summer season the Vikings went "a-Viking", what did that mean? | Raiding and pillaging |
| What did the Vikings do during the other months of the year (other than Spring/summer)? | Worked their farms using captured slaves |
| What motivated the Vikings to leave their homeland? | A population growth that caused Food Shortages in Scandinavia. They went looking for Food and treasure. |
| The Vikings settled in many places, England, Ireland, France,& Europe. One large settlement in nortern France was give what name? | Normandy, from the French word Normans (meaning "Northmen" |
| Across what 2 bodies of water did the Vikings travel to settle in England & eastern Europe? | North Sea and Baltic Sea |
| what was the name of the battle won by Clovis that led him to convert to Christianity? | The Battle of Alamanni |
| The Vikings customs and myths were center on what? | Norse mythology and Norse gods. |
| Rather than burial with things for the afterlife what was another custom the Vikings used to send off the dead? | Placed the dead in a boat and burned it. |
| What was the old woman on the Viking burial ship called? | The Angel of Death |
| In the Middle Ages, most Europeans were of what class? | Peasants |
| What was the usual meal of a peasant? | Bread and a draught of ale |
| Who formed the backbone of a society that was attempting to restore order from the chaos of the collapse of the Roman Empire? | The hardworking Peasants |
| The Franks were famous for what weapon? | Swords Known for their balance and temper |
| Charlemagne's Latin name was what? | Carolus Magnus (comes from the name of his dynasty, Carolingian. |
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