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Dennis Ch. 1
World History Ch. 1 Voc. Renaissance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | A period of Europpean history, lasting from about 1300 to 1600, during which renewed interest in classical culture led to far-reaching changes in art, learning, and views on the world. |
| City-states | A city that has political and economic control over the surrounding countryside. |
| Humanism | A Renaissance intellectual movement in which thinkers studied classical texts and focused on human potential and achievements. |
| Secular | Concerned with worldly rather than spiritual matters. |
| Patron | A person who supports artisits, espcially financially. |
| Perspective | An artistic technique that creates the appearance of three dimensions on a flat surface. |
| Michelangelo Buonarroti | Painter, sculptor, architect, and poet. He is most famous for the way he portrayed the human body in painting and sculpture. Architect of St. Peter's Basilica, sculptor of the Biblical hero David, and the artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chap |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. Paintings include the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He experimented with the inventions of man-made flight, parachutes, and a crude form of the tank. He studied muscle movements, and how veins are arranged in a |
| Vernacular | The everyday language of people in a region or country. |
| Utopia | An imaginary land described by Thomas More in his book Utopia-hence, an ideal place. |
| William Shakespeare | Many people regard him as the greatest playwright of all time. Many of his plays examine human flaws. His tragedies include Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, and Romeo and Juliet. Other significant plays include the comedy A Midsummer Night's Dream and the trag |
| Johann Gutenberg | Reinvented movable type around 1440, invented the printing press, and printed the first full-sized book with movable type. |
| Printing press | A machine for reproducing written material by pressing paper against arrangements of inked type. |
| Gutenberg Bible | The first full-sized book printed with movable type and a printing press. |
| Martin Luther | Catholic monk whose 95 Thesis began the Protestant Reformation with protests against indulgences, saying the pope and church traditions were false authorities. Declared an outlaw and a heretic by the church in the Edict of Worms. All his books were to be |
| Indulgence | A pardon releazsing a person from punishments due for a sin. |
| Reformation | A 16th-century movement for religious reform, leading to the founding of Christian churches that rejected the pope's authority. |
| Lutheran | A member of a Protestant church founded on the teachings of Martin Luther. |
| Protestant | A member of a Christain church founded on the principles of the Reformation. |
| Peace of Augsburg | A 1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. |
| Henry VIII | King of England (1509-1547). Wanted the Catholic Church to annul his marriage in 1527 to his wife Catherine when the marriage could not produce a son. The pope did not want to offend Catherine's powerful nephew, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V and refuse |
| Annul | To cancel or set aside. |
| Queen Elizabeth | Inherited the English throne in 1558. Established a national church (Church of England - Anglican) that allowed sermons to be delivered in English, not Latin and allowed priests to marry. Helped defeat the Spanish Armada in 1588 that led to the downfall o |
| Anglican | Relating to the Chruch of England. |
| Spanish Armada | Attempted Spanish invasion of England in 1588 that included 130 ships, 8,000 sailors, and 19,000 soldiers. England had been raiding Spanish treasure ships coming from the New World, and Queen Elizabeth had supported Spanish Protestant subjects that had re |
| Sir Francis Drake | English Sea Dog (Pirate) that raided Spanish treasure ships coming to Spain from the New World. Queen Elizabeth made him a knight, infuriating King Philip of Spain, helping to cause the Spanish Armada. |
| John Calvin | Promoted a doctrine called predestination that led to the development of a strict protestant religion called Calvinism in Switzerland. |
| Predestination | The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including which people will be eternally saved. |
| Calvinism | A body of religious teachings based on the ideas of the reform John Calvin. |
| Theocracy | A government controlled by religious leaders. |
| Presbyterians | A member of a Protestant church governmed by presbyters (elders) and founded on the teachings of John Knox. |
| Anabaptists | In the Reformation, a Protestant group that believed in baptizing onnly those persons who were old enough to deicde to be Christian and believed in the separation of church and state. |
| Catholic Reformation | A 16th-century movement in which the Roman Catholic Church sought to make changes in response to the Protestant Reformation. |
| Jesuits | Members of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic religious order founded by Ignatius iof Loyola. |
| Council of Trent | A meeting of Roman Catholic Leaders created by Pope Paul III to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers. |
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darkdreams19
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