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NY Global Regents 13
Review Cards with most important terms and simplified definitions for AEL
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Absolute Monarchy | poltical system where a king or queen has total control of the country |
| Adam Smith | economist who invented capitalism |
| Adolf Hitler | Fascist dictator of Germany who started WWII |
| Age of Absolutism | Time in Europe when monarchs had total control (1500-1700) |
| Eureopan Age of Exploration | European nations traveled the world, seeking trade routes. They gained many new lands and riches. |
| Axis and Allies | The two sides in WWII. German led Axis, US led Allies. |
| Ancient China | Ruled by dynasties and developed many of the most important inventions (paper, fireworks, gunpowder, magnetism) |
| Ancient Greece | considered the birthplace of democracy. Their direct democracy included every male citizen, but no women, or slaves. |
| Ancient Rome | Ancient Empire in Europe, still influences us in language, law, government. |
| Apartheid | Official policy of strict segregation of races in South Africa |
| Aztec Empire | Complex civilization that created an empire in Mexico |
| Bubonic Plague | disease spread by rats, and trade. Killed over half of Europeans, (Middle Ages, 14th century) |
| Buddhism | Religion started by Sidhartha Guatama that diffused from India throughout Eastern Asia |
| Byzantine Empire | Eastern half of the Roman Empire, survived 100 years after fall of Rome. |
| Capitalism | Economic system that encourages people to invest in order to make a profit |
| Caste System | Aspect of Hindu beliefs that put people in a strict social hierarchy |
| Chinese Revolution | Event where communists led by Mao Zedong took control of China (1949) |
| Christianity | Monotheistic religion that believes Jesus is the son of God |
| City States | way in which ancient Greece was organized |
| Imperialism | the complete control of a weaker nation’s social, economic, and political life by a stronger nation. (Industrial Revolution) |
| Incan Empire | Complex civilization that created an empire in the Andes Mountains in South America |
| Industrial Revolution | change from making things by hands to using machines (AKA Industrialization) (1750-1900) |
| Irrigation | ancient invention that brings water to farms. still important today! |
| Islam | Monotheistic religion. Muslims pray 5 times a day to Allah, and follow many religious laws. |
| Religious Fundamentalism | A strict or extreme interpretation of a religion. strong in Islam and Hinduism. |
| John Locke | Father of the Enlightenement who said everyone deserved natural rights. |
| Judaism | Oldest monotheistic faith in the world. |
| Karl Marx | father of communism |
| Khmer Rouge | Extreme communists who ruled Cambodia 1975-79. They committed Genocide against their own people. |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Renaissance artist and inventor who mastered many fields of learning. |
| Liberation Movement | Time when colonies fought and achieved independence (good nationaism) |
| Meiji Restoration | The Industrialization of Japan, led by the Emperor Meiji. (1860-1880) |
| Mercantilism | Economic system where Mother Countries used colonies to get rich (Triangle Trade) |
| Middle Ages | Time in Euorpe between the Fall of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance (500CE-1500CE) |
| Militarism | belief that the strenth of a country rests in the power of its military. |
| Mahatma Gandhi | Nationalist leader of India's independence movement (good nationalist) |
| Mongol Empire | Empire created by Genghis Khan that stretched from China to Europe (1200-1400) |
| Monotheism | belief in one god |
| Napoleon Bonaparte | Leader who became emperor after the French Revolution |
| Bad Nationalism | belief that your group is superior to all others (racism) |
| good Nationalism | desire for a free and independent country |
| Nelson Mandela | First black president of South Africa after Apartheid. |
| Neolithic Revolution | The change from hunting to farming. (10,000BC) |
| Nomad | person who has to travel from place to place. |
| Nuclear Weapons | bombs that use the energy stored in atoms to create a huge explosion |
| Ottoman Empire | Muslim empire that controlled the Middle East until WWI. |
| Polytheism | belief in many gods |
| Renaissance | a time of cultural rebirth in Europe (golden age) |
| River Civilizations | The first societies to farm (Neolithic Revolution) 8000-5000BC |
| Russian Revolution | Change from monarchy to communism in Russia in 1917. |
| Simon Bolivar | Leader of South American war of independence against Spain. |
| Latin American Revolutions | When South America gained independence from Europe (1800-1830) |
| Toussaint L'Overture | Former slave who led Haiti's independence from France |
| Treaty of Versailles | Treaty that ended WWI, but it was bad that it helped create WWII. |
| United Nations | Global Organization created after WWII to maintain world peace and protect human rights. |
| Urbanization | process where cities grow, causing many problems for people. |
| West African Kingdoms | traded salt and gold across Sahara Desert (Mali and Ghana) |
| World War One | The first modern world war (1914-1918) |
| World War Two (1939-1945) | Global war against fascism |
| Rwanda | African nation where Hutu tribe committed Genocide against the Tutsi tribe (1994) |
| Scarcity | there are limited resources, unlimited wants--this leads to inequality and conflict. |
| Human Environmental Interation | how we are affected by the environment, and how we disturb the natural environment. |
| Great Britain | former mother country and important ally of the United States (AKA, UK, England, Britain, and British Empire) |
| Deforestation | a process where forest is lost to development. example: Amazon Rainforest |
| Agriculture | Growing food or animals to sustain life. Started with the Neolithic Revolution, |
| Least Developed Countries | These are the poorest nations in the world, with low income, low life expectancy, and high rates of disease. |
| Columbian Exchange | the exchange of food, organisms, and ideas after the voyage of Columbus (1492). Led to death of most Native Americans from disease. |
| Triangle Trade | The exchange of Slaves, Sugar, and Rum (andf other stuff) across the Atlantic Oceean between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. (Mercantilism) |
| Globalization | Global interaction of culture, and the shift of production to countries like China, from the United States. |
| constitution | A document that sets up the government and laws of a country, including rights. (human rights, Enlightenment) |
| M.A.I.N. | militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism--causes of WWI Answer: the 4 causes of WWI |
| Totalitarianism | 20th century political system--similar to Absolute Monarchy, but ruled by a dictator. |
| Simon Bolivar | "the George Washington of Latin America", South American soldier and statesman who led the revolutions against Spanish rule. |
| Encomienda | Spain granted permission to conquistadors to enslave as many people needed to work a plantation. (roots of slavery) |
| Silk Road | a network of trade routes that stretched across deserts and mountains between Europe and Asia. |
| Factory System | During the Industrial Revolution, factories increased production. |
| India and Pakistan | These two countries were both formed when India gained independence. There have been wars ever since. (1947) |
| Islamic Golden Age | A time of advanced learning and culture in the Middle East, with many inventions and innovation in math, science. (800-1200AD) |
| Holocaust | Adolph Hitler, Nazi Dictator of Germany, led the murder of over 12 million Jews, Gypsies and others, during WWII. |
Created by:
schwartzy
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