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APII Blood
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| -emia | Blood condition suffix |
| leukemia | Increase number of cancerous white blood cells Leukocytes |
| septicemia | Blood infections result when pathogens enter the blood from a wound (sepsis) |
| Bacteremia | BACTERIAL invasion of blood with or without symptoms. |
| Root word for: Veins | Phleb/o, Ven/o (root word for) |
| Root word for: Venules | Venu/o (root word) |
| Root word for: Heart | Cardi/o, Coron/o (root word) |
| Root word for: Aorta | Aort/o (root word) |
| Root word for: Arteries | Arteri/o (root word) |
| ______ blood vessels contain blood that is rich in Oxygen. | RED BLOOD VESSELS |
| ______ blood vessels contain blood that is oxygen poor. | BLUE BLOOD VESSELS (ex. cyanosis, Blue O2 def) |
| Root word: Red | Erythr/o (root word) |
| What shape is an erythrocyte? | Biconcave (like a cough drop) |
| Hematoma is what? | a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the skin or in an organ often as a result of trauma, a bruise, a "black & blue" |
| -osis is a suffix for | condition, abnormal condition |
| -pathy is a suffix for | disease condition |
| von Willebrand disease | Inherited blood disorder marked by abnormally slow blood clotting; caused by deficiency in a blood clotting factor (Factor VIII 8) |
| Blood Bank Technologist | specialist who collects, types, and prepares blood and its components for xfusions & lab tests |
| Clincial Laboratory Technologist (CLT) | Specialist who performs tests to examine and anlyze body fluids, tissues, and cells. |
| Bilirubin | part of hemoglobin, yellow bile pigment, becomes bile from the gallbladder & liver breaks down the fat (Baby's get Vitamin K injection & photogenic therapy (color vest) |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level | BUN Level - Measurement of the amount of urea (nitrogen contaniing waste material) in serum. A high level indicates poor kidney function, (because kidney's job is to remove urea from the bloodstream and filter it into urine). |
| Carbon Dioxide (Co2) level | Blood test that measures all forms of carbon diaoxide (gas produced by cells and elimated by the lungs) in blood. |
| Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) level | This test monitors the response of patients to cancer treatment colon/pancreas. A plasma test for a protein normally found in the blood of human fetuses & produced heathly adults only in a small amount. |
| Hemoglobin (define & function) | Proten in red blood cells (erythocytes) that helps carry oxigen in the blood. |
| SubUngual Hematoma | blood under the nail (finger or toe) |
| Three functions of Blood | 1) Primary transportation medium which provides cells with nutrients & O2 (2) Xports CO2 & Removes metablolic waste (from lungs to kidneys via respiration and filtration)Carries Hormones from endrocrine to target tissues |
| Blood is what kind of tissue | Liquid connective tissue |
| Amount of blood the average female has | Female 4.5 Liters |
| Amount of blood the average male has | Male 5-6 Liters |
| Why do men have more blood | Men have more muscle mass & needs more blood to nurish & Oxygenate to support a larger skeletal system. |
| Blood does what for the endrocrine system | carries hormones througout the body to the targeted tissues |
| What things does blood regulate? | Regulates Body Temp,(heat from skeletal muscles to other regions & to skin to dissapate) Fluid & Electroylyte Balance, & PH regulation |
| Name some Electrolytes | Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Chloride (C1), Bicarbonate (HCO), Phosphate (PO) |
| What do Electrolytes do? | Assists body to bring back into Homeostatis, Lets certain things in/out, opens/closes little doors to let things into cells. |
| What is DeHydration? | Lack of Fluid in cells/outside of cells & tissues. |
| Name a way that blood "protects" | blood has clotting mechanisms; preventing fluid loss thru hermorrage (clotting plugs). |
| Percentage of Plasma in the blood | 55% of the blood volume |
| Percentage of RBC in the blood | 45% pf blood volume |
| What is the Buffy Coat? | consists of WBC & platelets (fighter cells), Forms the white layer between Plasma & RBCs |
| Describe the connection between Antibodies and the Immune System | Antibodies in the plasma (protect against disease) they are little signal carriers to attack & get rid of infection (antigens & bacteria). they latch on to and eat the invader (b-Cells) T-Cells) |
| Plasma consists of: | 90% water H2O & 10% misc chemicals |
| DeOxyhemoglobin | When O2 diffused into tissues, dark red in color (almost purple) |
| What is a Negative Feedback Mechanism by the Body? | constant events in which the body reacts in order to maintain homeostatis (ex. very cold outside, wearing a coat, body temp drops, shivering, produces heat) |
| What is a Positive Feedback Mechanism by the Body? | Body's attempt to bring back to homeostasis in response to an event that has a beginning and an end,(ex. bleeding & clotting, healing) |
| Erythopoetin | Hormone that stimulates RBCs, produced in the liver secreted also to the kidneys (REF) Renal Erythropoetin) |
| What elements are needed for RBCs? | Iron, Vitamin B12, Folic Acid |
| Anemia is: | Lack of RBCs, absence of blood |
| Intrinsic Factor does what | enables absorption of B12 (it is produced in the stomach). |
| Give some examples of iron rich foods: | Leafy Greens, Kale, Black Beans, Spinach |
| What happens if the Intrinsic Factor isn't allowing B12 to be absorbed | Results in PERNICIOUS ANEMA (white skin, pale, cold extremities) |
| Average Life Span of a RBC | aprox 120 days |
| How many RBCs replaced in a second | 2 Million RBCs replaced/second |
| Name three types of Anemia | Aplastic, Pernicious, Sickle Cell (Anemia) |
| Shape and action of Sickle Cells | Shaped like a S or half moon,can't carry enough oxygen, very painful, (not round) and stick or clump in the blood stream (genetic trait) |
| What does the HIV Virus do to us? | HIV attacks the lymphocytes (T-cells) and depletes the immune system, open to infection |
| Compare WBC to RBC WBC size and volume | WBCs are larger than RBCs, there are less of them than RBCs 4,500 to 11,000 cells |
| T/F WBC do not lose their nucleus | True |
| What is the difference between grandular and non-grandular WBCs | Granuels are small particles that help identify appearance for identification |
| Pertussis | whooping cough |
| Neutrophils facts | 50% - 70% of WBCs, first to respond to tissue damage Injury, Increase during acute infection, the engulf bacteria (form wall) |
| Eosinophil facts | Neutralizes histamines & destroy paracitic worms |
| Basophil facts | 0-1% of WBCs, S-shaped, Secrete Histamine, dialates blood vessels (to injured area) (heparin inhibits blood clots) |
| Thrombosytes facts | Platlets, Plugs the hole at the site of the injury, RANGE 150,000 -> 500,000, Devlpd from Red Bone Marrow, they go to the site of the injury and stick together, Triggers Reactions to Mnimize Blood Loss) |
| Hemo/Stat | Stoppage of Bleeding, vascular constriction, Platlet plug formation, coagulation |
| Where is smooth muscle found in the body? | "Tube Like" areas: esphoagus, intestines, stomach, veins/arteries |
| How do platlets move through the body during homeostasis vs. injury? | Normally platlets move freely unless they are reacting to an injury, then they stick together when forming a plug "mesh" |
| What is coagulation | Formation of a Clot |
| What is Anticoagulation? | Factors that INHIBIT blood clotting |
| What is a ProCoagulant? | Factors in the blood that promote clotting |
| Steps in body's reaction to an injury for scab forming and healing (Fibrinolysis) | ProThrombin Activator->Thrombin-> Fibrinogen -> Fibrin |
| Why does blood have different types? | Antigens (A, B, AB, O) |
| Why does blood have positive & negative distinctions? | Antibodies (RH factor - rhyesis monkey) |
| Type A blood has what antigent | A only |
| Type B blood has what antigen | B only |
| Type AB blood has what antigen | Both A and B |
| Type O blood has what antigen | none (neither a nor b) |
| Type A blood has what Antibodies? | B Antibodies in the plasma |
| Type B blood has what Antibodies | A Antibodies in the plasma |
| Type AB blood has what Antibodies | No Antibodies in the plasma |
| Type O blood has what antibodies | BOTH A & B Antibodies in the plasma |
| Universal Blood RECIPIENT has what blood type | AB+ |
| Universal blood DONOR has what blood type | O- |
| What is the composition of blood (what makes up blood)? | Plasma 55%, RBC 45%, Buffy Coat (wbc & platlets) |
| What percentage of water makes up plasma | 90% |
| Name 3 Plasma Proteins | Albumins 60%, Globulins 36%, Fibrinogen 4% |
| Albumin facts | Plasma Protein 60%, produced in the liver, plays a role in maintaining fluid balance osmotic |
| Globulins facts | Plasma protein 36%, 3 Types- Alpha & Beta produced in the liver, which xports lips fat-soluble vitamins in blood & GAMMA Globulins - produced in lymphoid tissue -> antibodies that function in immunity |
| Fibrinogen facts | plasma protein 4%, produced in the liver, forms the foundation of the clot, when done in a test tube remaining liquid is a SERUM |
| Formed Elements | RBCs, WBCs, Thrombocytes, Hematopoiesis (production of blood cells) |
| What is a HEMOCYTOBLAST | Stem Cell in the bone marrow from which the 7 different cells lines develop |
| What is a RETICULOCYTE | Immature RBC erythrocyte |
| ERYTHROCYTE characteristics | Most numerous, F=4-5.5; M=4.5-6.2 million RBCs, Mature RBC no nucleus (anucleate)dev from red bone marrow, Xports 02 and lesser extend CO2 |
| Hemoglobin characteristics | 1/3 of each RBC, 2 parts: Heme: pigment contains Iron and Globin: protein |
| Erythropoietic factor | stimulates RBC production |
| Intrinsic Factor | Produced by the stomach, Needed for absorption of B12 in intestine, (if not absorbed results in Pernicious Anemia) |
| Pernicious Anemia | Result of B12 not being absorbed into the intestines (Intrisic Factor) |
| Destruction of Erythrocyte (RBC) | 120 days, fragile membrane, Macrophages eat them, replaced w/equal amnt, 2 Million/second, Hemoglobin seperates |
| Diapedesis (WBC) | WBCs moving through capillary walls into tissue spaces |
| Types of WBCs (leukocytes)5 | Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Thrombocytes |
| Neutrophils | first WBC to respond to tissue damage (injury) 50-70% |
| Eosinophils | Neutralizes Histamines, destroys paracitic worms |
| Basophils | S-Shaped, Secretes histamine & Heparin |
| Histamines do what | Dialates blood vessels, increases blood flow to damaged tissues, dilates blood vessels in allergic reactions |
| Heparin does what | inhibits blood clot formation |
| Lymphocytes do what | Produces antibodies, they increase with certain VIRAL Diseases: mono, mumps, chixpox,rubella, viral hep |
| Monocytes do what | Largest of WBCs, U-shaped nucleus,macrophages are Monocytes that leave the blood & enter the tissues, |
| Macrophages do what | they are monocytes that leave the blood & enter the tissues, Engulf bacteria and cellular debris, Finish clean up process started by neutrophils |
| Thrombocytes do what (also called what) | Platlets, they close the breaks in blood vessels, they become sticky and clump together to form platlet plugs, they intiate formation of blood clots |
| Hemostasis | the stoppage of bleeding, 3 processes: Vascular Constriction, Platlet Plug Formation, Coagulation |
| Vascular Constriction | first response to blood vessel injury, contracts smooth muscle in vessel walls (constriction), lasts only a few minutes, secrete a chemical: SEROTONIN |
| Prothrombin Activator | first stage in clotting process - response to injury (tissue damage) |
| RH factors: which is more prevalent positive or negative | 85% are positive |
| Pulmonary Vessels transport from | Right Ventricle to LUNGS and back to Left Atrium |
| Systemic Vessels carry blood from | Left Ventricle to all parts of the body then return it to Right Atrium |
| Arterioles | microscopic arteries |
| Artery Wall consists of: | Tunic Externa, Tunic Media, Tunic Intimia |
| Why do Arteries have higher pressure? | They carry O2 to tissue organs |
| Capillaries characterists | RBCs must go single file, Smallest & most numerous of the blood vessels, form a connection to Vessels that carry blood away from the heart (ARTERIES) and Vessels that return blood to the heart (VEINS) |
| Vessles that Carry blood TO the Heart | VEINS |
| Vessles that Carry blood AWAY from the heart | ARTERIES |
| Why are capillary walls thin | to allow exchange of materials between the blood in the capillary & adjacent tissue cells |
| Veins characteristics | Carry blood TOWARD the heart, have venous (lower pressure due to one way) valves, can hold more blood 70% of blood volume, have 3 layers, but less smooth muscle & conn tissue making vein walls thinner and less rigid than arteries. |
| Pulmonary Circuit (circulatory pathways) | Xports blood from Right side of the heart to the lungs (then returns it to the left side of the heart), Poor 02, |
| Systemic Circuit (circulatory pathways) | Provides blood supply to all body tissues, Carries 02 & nutrients to cells, picks up C02 & waste products, Carries 02 blood FROM Left Ventricle thru arteries to the caps in the tissues, from tissue caps, de02 blood returns thru system of Veins to R atrium |
Created by:
dwall2674
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