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Ch 9-10 Middle Ages
Spalding Academy 12th Grade 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hostility toward or discrimination against Jews | anti-Semitism |
| Political and social system that developed during the Middle ages, when royal gov’ts were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | Feudalism |
| A grant of land made to a vassal; the vassal held political authority within his land | fief |
| A business association associated with a particular trade or craft | Guild |
| An unbeliever, a term applied to Muslims during the Crusades | infidel |
| A member of the heavily armed cavalry | knight |
| Practice of living the life of a monk | monasticism |
| A man who separates himself from ordinary human society in order to dedicate himself to God | monk |
| A means of determining guilt in Germanic law, based on the idea of divine intervention: if the accused person was unharmed after a physical trial, he/she was presumed innocent | ordeal |
| The separation between two great branches of Christianity that occurred when the Roman Pope Leo IX and the Byzantine patriarch Michael Cerularius excommunicated each other in 1054 | Schism |
| A peasant legally bound to the land who had to provide labor services, pay rents, and be subject to the lord’s control | Serf |
| A man who served a lord in a military capacity | Vassal |
| List the hierarchy of the feudal system highest to lowest | King → Clergy/Nobles → Knights → Peasants |
| Which religious people separate themselves from society to dedicate themselves totally to God? | Nuns and monks |
| What did the serf give to the knight in the feudal system? | Labor |
| What did the lord give to the knight in the feudal system? | Land |
| During the Middle Ages, over 60% of the people in Europe belonged to what class of people? | Serfs |
| Why did the population grow at the beginning of the Middle Ages? | Church’s power increased, food production increased, political and social stability |
| What is the main reason for the growth of cities in Europe? | Increased trade networks |
| Which pope was the first to fight to end lay investiture? | Pope Gregory VII |
| Which subjects were taught in the 1st universities? | Grammar, Rhetoric, Logic, Arithmetic, Geometry, Music, Astronomy |
| Why did Church power decline in Europe? | Growing power of European kings, corruption in the clergy, Great Schism |
| Choose Charlemagne OR Justinian. Who was he and what were some of his important accomplishments? | Charlemagne: largest empire in Europe until Napoleon becomes HRE, Carolingian miniscule, revival of classical literature, Justinian: Resorted Roman empire in Mediterranean, codified Roman law (Body of Civil Law) |
| What was the Magna Carta and why was it important? | King John of England being a tyrant. 1225: people rose in rebellion and forced king to sign Magna Carta. Limits his power. Power not absolute, trial by jury, due process of law |
| What was the Great Schism of 1054? | 1054: Constantinople officially splits with the Roman Catholic Church. Pope in Rome and Patriarch in Constantinople. |
| How did the organization of the Roman Catholic Church during the Feudal time period maintain order and strength within Europe? | Everyone in Europe is Christian, local cathedral center of urban life, clergy most well educated in Europe, cities and trade decline |
| What was the overarching goal of the Crusades? What were the lasting effects? How is the current Muslim jihad similar to the Crusades? | Goal was to defeat the Muslims and drive them from Jerusalem. Lasting effects: Europe opens trade routes to Middle East. Both are religious wars, religious leader asked people to fight against “infidels”, if you die go to heaven |
| Briefly describe what an ordeal is and give 2 examples of an ordeal. | Used to determine the guilt of a person. If unharmed, then innocent. Relies on divine intervention. Examples: retrieve stone from boiling water, hold red-hot iron |
| Choose either the Romanesque or Gothic architecture style and explain the major elements of the building | Romanesque: basilica shape, barrel vault, cross vault, massive pillar walls, dark/few windows. Gothic: round/barrel vault, ribbed vault, pointed arches, flying buttresses, thin walls, stained glass windows |
| Explain why cities in the Middle Ages were not pleasant to live in. | streets narrow/winding, fire a constant fear (houses made of wood), pollution (human/animal waste, fire smoke, waste from tanneries/butchers), disease |
| What was the impact of the Hundred Years’ War on the development of European governments? | French nationalism reinstates monarchy, England experiences War of the Roses, Spanish nationalism reinstates Christian monarchs (Ferdinand and Isabella), HRE crumbling |
Created by:
rejoyce431
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