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CH16

vocab

QuestionAnswer
Vasco da Gama Portuguese mariner; first European to reach India by sea in 1498.
Christopher Columbus Italian navigator in the service of Aragon and Castile; sailed west to find a route to India and instead discovered the Americas in 1492.
Ferdinand Magellan Portuguese captain in Spanish service; began the first circumnavigation of the globe in 1519; died during voyage; allowed Spain to claim possession of the Philippines.
East India Companies British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions.
World economy Created by Europeans during the late 16th century; based on control of the seas; established an international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured products.
Columbian Exchange Interaction between Europe and the Americas; millions of Native Americans died of new diseases; new world crops spread to other world regions; European and Asian animals came to the Americas.
Lepanto Naval battle between Spain and the Ottoman Empire resulting in Spanish victory in 1571; demonstrated European naval superiority over Muslims.
Core nations Nations, usually European, that profited from the world economy; controlled international banking and commercial services; exported manufactured goods and imported raw materials.
Dependent economic zones Regions within the world economy that produced raw materials; dependent on European markets and shipping; tendency to build systems based on forced and cheap labor.
Vasco de Balboa Began first Spanish settlement on Mesoamerican mainland in 1509.
New France French colonies in Canada and elsewhere; extended along the St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes and down into the Mississippi River valley system.
Atlantic colonies British colonies in North America along Atlantic coast from New England to Georgia.
Treaty of Paris Concluded in 1763 after the Seven Years War; Britain gained New France and ended France’s importance in India.
Cape Colony Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope in 1652 to provide a coastal station for Dutch ships traveling to and from the East Indies; settlers expanded and fought with Bantu and other Africans.
Boers Dutch and other European settlers in Cape Colony before 19th-century British occupation; later called Afrikaners.
Calcutta British East India Company headquarters in Bengal; captured in 1756 by Indians; later became administrative center for populous Bengal.
Seven Years War Fought in Europe, Africa, and Asia between 1756 and 1763; the first worldwide war.
Cape of Good Hope Southern tip of Africa; first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India.
Mercantilism Economic theory that stressed governments’ promotion of limitation of imports from other nations and internal economies in order to improve tax revenues; popular during 17th and 18th centuries in Europe.
Mestizos People of mixed European and Indian ancestry in Mesoamerica and South America; particularly prevalent in areas colonized by Spain; often part of forced labor system.
Francisco Pizarro Led conquest of Inca Empire beginning in 1535; by 1540, most of Inca possessions fell to Spanish.
John Locke (1632 – 1704) English philosopher who argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason and that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants.
William Shakespeare (1564 – 1616) English poet and playwright considered one of the greatest writers of the English language; works include Julius Caesar, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, and Hamlet
Created by: cindyq
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