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WH Mid-term
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pre-historic | the period before the time of writing |
| radiocarbon dating | primary method used by scientist to date artifacts |
| archaeologist | studies artifacts |
| bronze | mixture of copper and tin; harder and holds cutting edge longer; lead to new "age" in human tool making |
| artisans | workers skilled in craft or trade |
| cultural diffusion | trade of ideas; brought on by the need for more materials and greater technology and trade |
| pictograms | early writing developed through this; small symbols that represent objects |
| paleolithic | old stone age |
| mesolithic | middle stone age |
| neolithic | new stone age |
| jerico | believed to have exsisted in the neolithic era |
| mandate | authority to rule; chinese believed it was authority from heaven |
| monsoon | seasonal winds that caused the Indus River to flood regularly, building up rich soil along its banks that promoted early civilizations |
| rosetta stone | valuable artifact Napoleon Bonaparte's soldier found while fighting egypt; contained greek and 2 forms of ancient egyptian writing, allowing the ancient languages to be interpreted |
| mesopotamia | between two rivers |
| hatsheput | female pharaoh who ruled in place of her son and built the valley of the kings where future pharaohs would be buried |
| sargon I | sumerian king from akkad; conquered lower mesopotamia, creating first empire |
| amenhotep | pharaoh that required all egyptians to worship one god; he claimed to be the son of god on earth |
| ramses II | ruled longer than any other pharaoh in history; oversaw peak in egyptian power; last great pharaoh |
| hammurabi | mesopotamian ruler whose capital was the city of babylon; establish first written law code |
| phoenicians | group of sea-faring ship builders that favored trade over farming and settled the area of canaan |
| assyrians | brutal nation feilded the greatest enemy yet seen and destroyed the northern 10 tribes of israel |
| cyrus the great | persian king that conquered baylon and allowed israelites to return to jerusalem |
| nebuchadnezzar | built hanging gardens of babylon; conquered jerusalem; major figure in book of daniel and likely suffered from mental illness |
| david | israelite king whose 40 year reign included establishing the capital of jerusalem and driving the philistines out of canaan |
| saul | annointed by the prophet samuel and became the first king of israel |
| deborah | female judge that inspired israel to win in the battle of tabor |
| solomon | his reign was one of great prosperity and wealth in which the first temple was built; high taxes and forced labor caused many people to be unhappy |
| abraham | herder and trader from the city of ur that migrated to canaan after god made a covenant with him, promising to establish a great nation with his decendents |
| moses | led the israelites in the exodus from egypt back to canaan |
| city state | polis; basic greek unit of government |
| linear A | has not been translated |
| minotaur | minoan hero theseus killed this half man half bull creature at knossos |
| labrynth | palace of king minos that contained many twisting passages and hallways |
| oligarchy | small group of upper class people that ruled the greek city states with little participation by most citizens |
| democracy | athenian practice in which all male citizens were allowed to vote |
| phalanx | greek military formation that allowed them to fight effectively |
| hoplite | spartan soldier |
| thermopylae | battle in which 300 spartans sucessfully helf off at least a 100,000 persians for several days until a fellow greek betrayed them |
| marathon | athens defeats persia; the running |
| salamis | athenian navy destroyed the persian navy and ended xerxes' invasion |
| why were the greek gods different than earlier gods? | they were human-like and often had petty quarrels with one another |
| homer | blind poet; wrote the illiad and the odyssey |
| pericles | athenian ruler; killed by plague; rebuilt parthenon |
| solon | first athenian reformer to embrace democracy by introducing the council of 400 |
| draco | introduced athens' first written code laws, which contained harsh punishments |
| "the good" | all things are lesser forms of the perfect example |
| stoicism | universe controlled by higher power; duty to accept your fate; all people equal under a single ruling force |
| delian league | greek alliance vs. persians; turned into a greek empire dominated by athens |
| what disaster happened at the beginning of the peloponnesian war? | plague stuck, killing 1/3 of the population |
| alexander | conquered most of the known world; built alexandria(library & lighthouse); encouraged soldiers to marry foreiners; died of unknow illness |
| phillip II | king of Macedonia; conquered weakened greece (except sparta); died under suspicious circumstances |
| hannibal | tried to invade rome by crossing alps; army of elephants |
| sophocles | oedipus rex |
| myron | "discus thrower"; classic artist; presented people in ideal form |
| socrates | absolute truth; socratic method(ask questions, general to specific, to arrive at answer) had to drink hemlock for "corrupting the youth" |
| aristotle | learning through observation; scientific method; philosophy of government(balanced, mix of aristocracy and democracy) |
| plato | founded the Academy; wrote "the republic"; "the good" |
| Herodotus | "father of history"; first to record events for the sake of knowledge |
| Pythagorus | believed that everything had a mathmatical explanation; pythagorian theorum; soul is seperate from body; believed earth was round and rotated around a fixed point |
| patricians | nobles |
| tribune | elected to represent plebian class; could pass laws that governed only plebians; could veto the senate or consul |
| consul | elected for 1 year |
| senate | elected for life |
| plebians | lower class |
| aramis | digging site where 17 individual skeletons were found |
| legion | usually consisted of about 5,000 men; basic unit of roman soldiers |
| dictator | total power; no term limit |
| cannae | hannibal destroys roman army of 80,000 |
| commodus | bankrupted roman treasury on games and entertainment; his own troops conspired to kill him(strangled to death) |
| claudius | scholar/emperor |
| nero | insane; murdered wife and mother; infamous for persecuting christians; great fire in rome was during his reign |
| caligula | demanded that he be worshiped; tried to make his horse a senator; killed by his own guard |
| tiberius | augustus' adopted son |
| atilla | the hun; "scourge of god" died while on his honeymoon |
| romulus augustus | "little augustus"; last roman emperor; killed by barbarians |
| herod | appointed king of judea by marc antony; |
| laseaux | city in france where cave paintings were found |
| julius caesar | roman consul/general; formed first triumverante with crassus and pompey; crossed rubican river against senate's orders'and defeated pompey when he tried to stop him; declares himself dictator for life; assassinated by senators in public |
| theodosius | divided empire upon his death; makes christianity officil religion in rome |
| explain the role of technology in the late mesolithic era and how it allowed the rapid advancement of civilization | pottery, sickle, etc. free time; time to think and not have to worry about surviving |
| following the reign of almost every powerful ancient ruler, their society fell into a decline or was conquered by foreign invaders. explain why this seems to be a recurring problem for ancient empires. | ex:ramses II, Sargon I, all assyrian kings they usuall lived a long time(left either too many heirs or none at all); people relied on them too much instead of themselves; usually made foreign enemies in the course of getting power |
| why were leaders such as cyrus of persia and alexander the great able to establish lasting influence over the lands they conquered, while others disappeared quickly? which did the romans closely resemble? | cyrus- allowed people to retain religion;freed israelites from babylon alexander-built cities;encouragd troops to marry foreigners; lightouse and library in alexandria |
| why were the leaders of athens so displeased with socrates after the peloponnesian war? what eventully happened to him | thought he was corrupting the youth and was responsible for losing the war; had to drink hemlock |
| what problems effected the late roman empire and eventually led to its downfall? which of these are similar to the faced by modern day america? | immigration*, poverty, invasion, inflation*, inconsistent leadership *-both |
Created by:
alix.harris13
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