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Circulatory System
Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many liters of blood in females? | 4 to 5 L |
| How many liters of blood in males? | 5 to 6 L |
| What are the 3 activities of blood? | transportation, regulation & protection |
| What percentage of the blood volume is plasma? | 55% |
| What is plasma? | Liquid portion of blood. 90% is water |
| What are the 3 major classes of plasma proteins? | Albumins, Globulins, Fibrinogens |
| Where are albumumins produced? | in the liver |
| what is the function of albumins? | maintain the fluid balance between the blood and interstitial fluid |
| What are the 3 types of Globulins? | Alpha, Beta & Gamma |
| What are globulins? | antibodies that function in immunity |
| Where are globulins produced? | lymphoid tissue |
| Where is fibrinogen produced? | produced in liver and functions in blood clotting |
| What is serum? | When blood clots in a test tube, the liquid that remains |
| Besides proteins, what are other plasma solutes that contain Nitrogen? | amino acids, urea & uric acid |
| What is absorbed in the blood and transported to the cells that need them? | amino acids |
| Waste products of protein and nucleic acid catabolism are what? | Urea and Uric Acid |
| List some electrolytes | Sodium Potassium, Calcium, Chloride, Bicarbonate and Phosphate |
| List 3 classes of Formed Elements | Erythrocytes, leukocytes and thrombocytes |
| Do Mature RBCs have a nucleus? | No, they are anucleate |
| What are reticulocytes? | immature erythrocytes that are circulating in the blood |
| What is the primary function of erythrocytes? | to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| What color is oxyhemoglobin? | bright red |
| what color is deoxyhemoglobin? | dark red |
| What is erythropoietin? | Hormone that stimulates erythrocyte production |
| What do the cells in the stomach produce? | intrinsic factor. It's a factor necessary for the absorption of vitamin B12 in intestines |
| What is pernicious anemia? | When the intrisinic factor cannot be absorbed |
| How long do normal erythrocyles live? | approx 120 days |
| Why are leukocytes white? | lack of hemoglobin makes them appear white |
| What is diapedesis? | when leukocytes are able to move through the capillary walls into the tissue spaces |
| What is hemotasis | the stoppage of bleeding |
| What is serotonin | chemical that stimulates smooth muscle contraction and prolongs the vascular constriction |
| What secretes serotonin? | platelets |
| What is a mass of placelets called | platelet plug |
| what does a platelet plug do? | obstructs the tear in the vessel |
| What is the most effective mechanism in hemostasis? | coagulation |
| What is coagulation? | formation of a blood clot |
| What are anticoagulants? | inhibit clotting |
| What is clot retraction? | After a clot has formed, the fibrin strands contract |
| What is the function of a clot retraction | causes the clot to shrink |
| What is fibrinolysis | the process of when a clot is dissolved |
| What are blood vessels? | the channels through which blood is distributed to body tissues |
| What are the function of arteries | carry blood away from the heart |
| What are aterioles | When blood is pumped from the ventricles into large elastic arteries that branch repeatedly into smaller and smaller branches. Resulting in microscopic arteries |
| List the 3 walls of an artery | tunica interna, tunica media and tunica externa |
| What are capillaries | the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels |
| What are the functions of capillaries | they form the connection between the vessels that carry blood away from the heart (arteries) and the vessels that return the blood to the heart (veins) |
| What is the function of veins | carries blood toward the heart |
| What color is a Neutrophil | Violet-pink 50-70% |
| What color is a Eosinophil | reddish orange 1-4% |
| What color is a Basophil | bluish-black 0-1% |
| What color is a Lymphocyte | deep purplish blue 20-35% |
| What color is a Monocyte | grayish blue 3-8% |
| What is function Neutrophils | they are the first leukocytes to respond to tissue damage |
| What is the function of Eosinophils | neutralize histamine |
| What is the function of Basophils | secrete histamine and heparin |
| What is the function of Lymphocytes | involved with the immune system and the production of antibodies |
| What is the function of Monocytes | engulf bacteria and cellular debris to finish the cleanup process started by the neutrophils |
| How many RBCs do females have? | 4- 5.5 Million |
| How many RBCs do Males have? | 4.5 - 6.2 Million |
| What is an immature neutrophil called? | Band |
| What are functions of histamine? | Increases blood flow to damaged tissues and 2. dilates blood vessels in allergic reactions |
| What is function of Heparin? | Inhibits blood clot formation |
| What are small fragments of large cells? | megakaryocytes |
| List 3 processes of Hemostasis (stoppage of bleeding) | 1. Vascular Construction, 2. Platelet Plug formation 3. Coagulation |
| What is the first response to blood vessel injury? | Vascular constriction |
| What type of Antigen does Blood Type A have? | A Antigen |
| What type of Antigen does Blood Type B have? | B Antigen |
| What type of Antigen does Blood Type AB have? | A & B Antigens |
| What type of Antigen does Blood Type O have? | Neither A nor B Antigens |
| What type of Antibodies does Blood Type A have? | B Antibodies |
| What type of Antibodies does Blood Type B have? | A Antibodies |
| What type of Antibodies does Blood Type AB have? | Neither A nor B Antibodies |
| What type of Antibodies does Blood Type O have? | Both A & B Antibodies |
Created by:
dcarafa
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