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ENHSWorld 1st final

1st semester final

QuestionAnswer
Neolithic Revolution change from nomadic to settled farming
Sumerians earliest civilization; cuneiform
cuneiform wedge style writing; earliest writing form
Hammurabi law code; first to codify laws
Persian Empire; Darius first empire
phoenicians created the alphabet
Geography of Egypt Lower and Upper Egypt
Nile rely on annual flooding
Egyptian writing hieroglyphics
Monsoons India subcontinent; seasonal wind
Indus Valley well planned cities such as Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro; unknown reason for decline (possibly attacked and/or environmental)
Hinduism moksha reincarnation karma polytheistic
caste system rigid social order without social mobility
Siddartha Gautama founder of Buddhism
Buddhism Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path nirvana no god
Buddhists and Hindus agree on... reincarnation and nonviolence
Confucius taught that harmony resulted when people accepted their place in society. He stressed five key relationships
Mandate of Heaven dynasty provided good government, it enjoyed the Mandate of Heaven. If the rulers became weak or corrupt, they lost favor of heaven. In the resulting chaos, an ambitious leader might seize power and set up a new dynasty.
Han Dynasty civil service system; Silk Road; Confucianism the official belief system of the state
Geography of Greece terrain created small independent city states
different types of government for Greece monarchy, oligarchy, aristocracy, democracy
phalanx tactical formation
Sparta vs Athens Sparta- focused on military; oligarchy Athens- individual achievement; democracy
Pericles direct democracy
Alexander the Great created large empire including the Persian empire that upon his death it is split into 3
lasting legacy of Alexander the Great spread of Hellenistic culture
Patricians members of the landholding upper class
Plebeians farmers, merchants, artisans, and traders who made up the bulk of the population
Government Senate- 300 patricians Plebeians elect tribunes to protect their interests Consuls- 2 patricians- created system of checks and balances
Roman army legions
Julius Caesar dictator of Rome; his assassination leds to the fall of the Roman Republic
Pax Romana Roman Peace...lasted 200 years. Began with Augustus and ended with Marcus Aurelius
Romans laws law code first to say an accused person is innocent until proven guilty
How did Rome tolerate diversity? government allowed them to worship other gods as they pleased as long as they showed loyalty by honoring Roman gods and acknowledging the divine spirit of the emperor
Jesus proclaimed his mission was to bring spiritual salvation to believers
feudalism system of rule in which land was given in exchange for loyalty and service
monks and nuns improved life in the Middle Ages by caring for the sick and poor
Charlemagne Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire
Why was the church so important in the Middle Ages? dominates all parts of life
Magna Carta gave due process of law
Crusades Christians try to capture the Holy Land from the Muslims; not successful
Black Death caused severe economic consequences
Justinian's Law Code based on Roman law; used as basis for international law today
capital of Russia Kiev
first tsar of Russia Ivan the Terrible (Ivan IV)
Five Pillars of Islam hajj, charity, belief, prayer 5x, fast
Why did Muslims honor merchants? Muhammad was a merchant
Sikhism is a blend of what religions hinduism and Islam
how do we trace the Bantu migrations language patterns
Salt and gold helped build what kingdom Ghana
Who was Zheng He? explorer
Feudal Japan had an emperor but was run by shogun
Created by: ear933
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