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LOM chapter 15
musculoskeletal system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| acetabulum | Rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint |
| acromion | Outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. It overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle. |
| articular cartilage | Thin layer of cartilage covering the bone in the joint space |
| calcaneal | Pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone) |
| calcaneus | heel bone |
| calcium | One of the mineral constituents of bone. Calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in the bones |
| cancellous bone | Spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone |
| carpals | wrist bones |
| cartilage | Flexible, rubbery connective tissue. It is found in the immatue skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces. |
| cervical vertebrae | vertebrae in the neck |
| chondrocostal | Pertaining to the cartilage attached to the ribs |
| clavicle | collar bone |
| coccyx | tailbone |
| collagen | Dense, connective tissue protein strands found around the outer portion of bones |
| collas fracture | occurs near the wrist joint at teh distal end of the radius |
| compact bone | hard, dense bone tissue, usually found around the outer ortion of bones |
| condyle | Knuckle-like process at the end of a bone near the joint |
| crainial bones | Skull bones: ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal |
| crainiotome | Instument to cut the skull |
| crainiotomy | incision of the skull |
| crepitus | is the crackling sound produced when ends of bones rub each other or rub against roughened cartilage |
| decalcification | Removal of calcium from bones |
| diaphysis | Shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone |
| epiphyseal plate | Cartaginous area at teh ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton |
| epiphysis | Each end of the long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate |
| ethhmoid bone | thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and formsd part of the orbits of the eyes |
| Ewing sarcoma | Rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occuring in children |
| exostosis | bony growth (begnin) arising from the surface of the bone |
| facial bones | Bones of the face: lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, andzygomatic |
| femoral | Pertaining to the thigh bone (femur) |
| femur | thigh bone |
| fibula | the smaller of the two lower leg bones |
| fibular | Pertaining to the smaller of the two lower leg bones |
| fissure | Narrow, slit-like opening in or between bones |
| fontanelle | Soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infant |
| foramen | Opening or passage in bones where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. |
| fossa | Shallow cavity in a bone |
| frontal bone | froms the forehead and the roof of the bony sockets that contain the eyes |
| haversian canals | Minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone. |
| humeral | pertaining to the upper arm bone (humerus) |
| humerus | upper arm bone |
| hypercalcemia | Excessive calcium in the bloodstream |
| iliac | Pertaining to the iliu (upper portion of the hip bone) |
| ilium | upper portion of the hip bone |
| impacted fracture | one fragment is driven firmly into the other |
| ischium | Pertaining to the ischium (lower and posterior part of the hip bone) |
| kyphosis | Abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic vertabrae |
| lacrimal bones | two small, thin bones ocated at teh corner of each eye. lacrim/o means tear |
| lamina | part of the vertebral arch |
| laminectomy | Removal of a lamina to relieve the syptoms of a ruptured intervertebral disk |
| lordosis | Abnormal anterior curvature of the backbones in the lumbar region |
| lumbar vertebrae | are the strongest and largest of the backbones located in the lower back |
| lumbosacral | between the lumbar and sacral vertebrae |
| malleolus | Round process on both sides of the ankle joint. the lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia |
| mandible | the lower jaw bone |
| mandibular | Pertaining to the lower jaw bone |
| manubrium | Upper portion of the sternum; articulates with teh medial aspect of the clavicle |
| mastoid process | Round projection on the temporal bone behind the ear |
| medullary cavity | Central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone |
| metacarpals | hand bones |
| metacarpectomy | removal of hand bones |
| metaphysis | Flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate |
| metatarsalgia | Pain of the foot bones |
| metatarsals | foot bones |
| myelopoiesis | Formation of bone marrow |
| nasal bone | two slender bones that support the bridge of the nose |
| olecranal | Pertaining to the elbow |
| olecranon | LArge process on the proximal end of the ulna; the point of the flexed elbow |
| orthopedics | study of the musculoskeletal system |
| osseous tissue | bone tissue |
| ossification | Process of bone formation |
| osteitis | Inflammation of bones |
| osteoblast | Bone cell that helps form bony tissue |
| osteoclast | Bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue |
| osteodystrophy | poor development of bones |
| osteogenesis imperfecta | defective development of bones that are brittle and fragile; fractures occur with the slightest trauma |
| osteogenic sarcoma | common malignant tumor arising from osteoblasts |
| osteomalacia | Sofening of bone |
| osteomyelitis | Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection |
| osteopenia | bone mineral density is lower than normal |
| osteoporosis | Condition of increased porosity of bone with loss of bony tissue and decrease in bone mass |
| osteotome | Instrument to cut bone |
| parietal bone | two bones (one on each side of the skull) that form the roof and upper part of the sides of the cranium |
| patella | kneecap |
| pelvimetry | Measurement of the proportions of the pelvic bone (before childbirth) |
| periosteum | Membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue |
| peroneal | pertaining to the fibula |
| phalangeal | Pertaining to the finger or the toe bones |
| phalanges | bones of the fingers and toes |
| phosphorus | Mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium |
| pubic symphysis | Area of confluence (coming together) of the two pubic bones in the pelvis. |
| pubis | anterior portion of the hip bone |
| radial | pertaining to the lateral lower arm bone |
| radius | lateral lower arm bone |
| red bone marrow | Found in cancellous bone; site of hematopoiesis |
| reduction | restoration of the bone to its normal postion |
| ribs | Twelve pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall |
| sacral vertebrae | five separate bones that fuse in a small child located toward the end of the vertibrael column |
| scapula | shoulder bone |
| scapular | pertaining to the shoulder bone |
| scoliosis | abnormal condition of lateral curviture of the spine |
| sella turcica | Depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located. |
| sinus | Hollow air cavity within a bone |
| sphenoid bone | bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes and forms part of the base of the skull |
| spondylolisthesis | degeneration of the intervertebral disks in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions |
| spondylosis | abnormal condition of vertebrae |
| sternum | breastbone |
| styloid process | pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull |
| subcostal | below the ribs |
| supraclavicular | above the collar bone |
| suture | Immovable joint between bones, such as teh skull (cranium) |
| talipes | Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus) |
| tarsals | bones of the ankle |
| tarsectomy | Removal of ankle bones |
| temporal bone | two bones that form the lower sides and base of the cranium. |
| temporomandipular joint | Connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw |
| thoracic vertebrae | those vertebrae articulate with the 12 pairs of ribs |
| tibia | the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones. |
| tibial | Pertaining to the tibia, the larger and inner of the two lower leg bones. |
| trabeculae | Supporting bundles of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone. |
| trochanter | Large process at teh neck of the femur; attachment site for tendons of the hip musculature. |
| tubercle | Rounded, small process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| turberosity | Rounded process on bone; attachment site for muscles and tendons |
| ulna | Pertaining to the medial lower |
| ulnar | pertaining to the medial lower arm bone. |
| vertebra; vertebrae | Individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal |
| vertebroplasty | Repair of a fractured vertebra |
| vomar | the thin, single, flat bone that forms the lower portion of the nasal septum |
| xiphoid process | Lower, narrow portion of the sternum. |
| yellow bone marrow | Fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones |
| zygomatic bones | two bones, one on each side of the face, that form the high ortion of the check |
| abduction | Movement away from the midline of the body |
| achondroplasia | an inharited condition in which the bones of the arms adn legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartalage and bone formation |
| adduction | Movement toward the midline of the body |
| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | (lou Gehrig disease) muscles are affected by degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower region of teh brain |
| ankylosing spondylitis | Chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffining of joints, primarily of the spine |
| ankylosis | stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion and rigidity of the bones of the joint |
| arthrodesis | Bones fused across athe joint space by surgery |
| arthrotomy | incision of a joint |
| articular cartilage | Smooth, glistening white tissue that covers the surface of a joint |
| articulation | Any type of joint |
| atrophy | decrease in the size of tissue |
| bunion | Enlargement of bone tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe |
| bursa; bursae | Sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another |
| bursitis | inflamation of the bursa |
| carpal tunnel syndrome | Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist |
| chondroma | benign tumors made of cartilage |
| chondromalacia | softening and roughening of the articular cartilaginous surface |
| dislocation | Displacement of a bone from its joint |
| dorsiflexion | Backward (upward) movement of the foot |
| extention | Straightening of a fixed limb |
| fascia | Fibrous membraine seperating and enveloping muscles |
| fasciectomy | surgical removal of strips of fascia |
| fibromyalgia | chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue. |
| flexion | Bending a limb; decreasing the angle between bones |
| ganglion | Fluid filled cyst arising from joint capsules or tendons, typically in the hand |
| gouty arthritis | Inflamation and painful swelling of joints caused be excessive uric acid in the body |
| hemarthrosis | Blood collects abnormally in the joint |
| hydrarthrosis | Synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint |
| hypertrophy | increase in size of an organ or tissue |
| hyperuricemiaa | increased amount of uric acid in the blood |
| leiomyoma | benign tumor in smooth muscle |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor in smooth muscle |
| ligament | Connective tuissue binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint |
| ligamentous | pertaining to ligaments |
| Lyme disease | Disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick |
| muscular dystrophy | group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system |
| myalgia | muscle pain |
| myopathy | Diseases of the muscles |
| myositis | Inflamation of he muscles |
| osteoathritis | Inflamation of joints |
| plantar flexion | Bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground |
| podagra | excessive pain in the foot |
| polyarthritis | Inflamation of many joints |
| pronation | Turning the palm downward |
| pyrexia | fever |
| rhabdomyoma | Benign tumor of a skeletal muscle |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of a skeletal muscle |
| rheumatoid arthritis | Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly the synovial membrane |
| rheumatologist | Specialist in treatment of joint disorders |
| rotation | Circular movement around a central point |
| sarcopenia | Loss of muscle mass and strength associated with aging |
| spinal stenosis | Narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine |
| sprain | Trauma to a joint without rupture |
| strain | an injury involving the overstretching of a muscle |
| striated muscle | Skeletal muscle |
| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation |
| supination | Turning the palm upward |
| suture joint | Immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull |
| synovial cavity | Space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane |
| synovial fluid | Viscus (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity. Synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white. |
| synovial joint | A freely movable joint |
| synovial membrain | Tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid |
| synovitis | Inflammation of a synovial membrane |
| system lupus erthematosus | Chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs |
| tendinitis | Inflammation of a tendon |
| tendon | Connective tissue that binds muscles to bones |
| tenorrhaphy | Suture of a tendon |
| tenosynovitis | Inflammation of a tendon and its sheath |
| visceral muscle | Muscle connected to internal organs; involuntary or smooth muscle |
Created by:
mscardenas
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