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MT Mosby's Path Ch 8

Cardiovascular Pathologies

QuestionAnswer
Reduction in RBC quantity or their hemoglobin which impairs the blood's ability to carry oxygen Anemia
What is the protocol for someone with anemia? 1) Obtain medical clearance for severe forms 2) Reduce treatment time & pressure if client is overly fatigued
Assoc. w/iron depletion and is the most common type Iron-deficiency/anemia
Larger than normal RBC Pernicious/anemia
Assoc. w/folic acid deficiency Folic acid/anemia
Assoc. w/RBC destruction; changing to sickle shape Sickle cell/anemia
Assoc. w/bone marrow failure; a rare, life-threatening form Aplastic/anemia
A genetic disorder that impairs the blood's clotting mechanisms Hemophilia
Protocol for Hemophilia 1) Massage is contraindicated in moderate or severe forms 2) Obtain clearance & use lighter pressure 3) Joint mobilizations are omitted or cautiously applied
Transformation of fluid into a gelatinous mass; also called blot clot formation Thrombosis
Protocol for thrombosis 1) Avoid deep or vigorous techniques on lower extremities for up to 10 days after the client is ambulatory if client is at risk for thrombosis (ex. recent surgery)
Occlusion of a blood vessel by an embolus Embolism
Floating matter in the intravascular space carried by blood Embolus
Protocol for an embolism Massage is contraindicated
Chest pain caused by reduced blood supply to the heart Angina Pectoris
Protocol for angina pectoris 1) Be sure to keep client warm (cold may trigger an attack) 2) Ensure client has necessary medications
Any deviation from a normal heartbeat or rhythm; term encompasses abnormally fast or slow rhythms as well as irregular rhythms Arrhythmias
Protocol for arrhythmias 1) Reduce treatment time & pressure if client is overly fatigued
What is it called if a client's heart beat is <50 or 60 BPM Bradycardia
What is it called if a client's heart beat is >100 BPM Tachycardia
Atria quiver rather than contract Atrial fibrillation
Ventricles quiver rather than contract Ventricular fibrillation
Heart's inability to meet body's demands; associated with disease or from heart problems Congestive Heart Failure
What is the most common type (give percentage) of congestive heart failure? Left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF); 60%
What normally causes right-sided congestive heart failure? Left-sided congestive heart failure (CHF)
Protocol for congestive heart failure 1) Massage is contraindicated for acute cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) 2) For chronic cases, determine massage appropriateness or treatment modifications by presenting symptoms (ex. cases of severe pitting edema, avoid the area)
Delivers small electrical currents to stimulate heart contraction Artificial pacemaker
Protocol for client's with an artificial pacemaker Postpone massage until physician removes restriction of strenuous activity; then avoid overhead movements of the pacemaker side arm for an additional 6 weeks
Delivers electrical shock to restore normal heart rate & rhythm Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)
What is the protocol if an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) goes off during massage? Discontinue massage; otherwise massage modifications same as artificial pacemaker
Inflammation of the heart's internal lining (endocardium) Endocarditis
Inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium) Myocarditis
Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart (pericardium) Pericarditis
Protocol for endocarditis, myocarditis, & pericarditis Massage is contraindicated
Death of myocardial tissue from interrupted blood supply & prolonged ischemia Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack)
What is the protocol for client's with myocardial infarction? 1) Medical clearance is needed for myocardial infarction (MIS) 2) Once obtained, use reduced treatment time & pressure 3) Maintain this protocol until client has regained strength, then regular massage can resume
Sudden and unexpected complete cessation of heartbeat Cardiac arrest
Protocol for cardiac arrest Massage is contraindicated
Group of diseases characterized by thickening & loss of elasticity in arterial walls; hardening of the arteries Arteriosclerosis
Presence of lesions called plaque within middle-large size arteries Artherosclerosis
What is CAD Coronary artery disease
What is another name for cerebrovascular disease Stroke
What is PAD Peripheral artery disease
Narrowed coronary arteries from atherosclerotic plaque Coronary artery disease
Disease of narrowed arteries outside of the heart Peripheral arterial disease
What is the protocol for peripheral arterial disease? Massage: local contraindication (usually the lower extremities)
What is another name for hypertension? High blood pressure (HBP)
What heart condition is usually asymptomatic? High blood pressure
Protocol for high blood pressure 1) If HBP is untreated, massage is contraindicated 2) If treated, massage can be performed
Localized weakness in a blood vessel wall that bulges outward Aneurysm
What is the protocol for client's with an aneurysm? 1) Obtain physician's consent 2) Once obtained, avoid affected area (usually the abdomen)
Cycle of periodic temporary, but severe, vasospasms; usually in fingers and toes Raynaud Disease/Syndrome
Protocol for Raynaud disease/syndrome 1) Avoid affected area during attacks 2) Massage is indicated but do not use cryotherapy
Inflammation in the veins Phlebitis
What is the protocol for client's with phlebitis? Local contraindication; while massaging other areas, place the affected lim on cushions to raise it above heart level
Inflammation of a vein with thrombus formation Thrombophlebitis
What is the protocol for thrombophlebitis? Obtain clearance then it's a local contraindication
Dilated veins from incompetent valves Varicose veins
What is the protocol for client's with varicose veins? Local contraindication if pressure causes pain or if client has a history of blood clots
Created by: khawkin
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