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Arch final ch 10
ch 10
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Easter Island | Fighting leaders. Depletion of resources. Violence. |
| Stonehenge location | Salisbury plain |
| Time range of stonehenge's construction? | Late neolithic (3500)-early bronze (5000) |
| Phase 1 stonehenge | earthwork circle |
| phase 2 stonehenge | burials and timber structure |
| phase 3 stonehenge | stone movement |
| phase 3a stonehenge | bluestones |
| bluestones | a ring of standing stones at the center of stonehenge. the source of the stones is over 240 kilometers from stonehenge |
| phase 3b stonehenge | sarsen circle and trilithons |
| sarsen circle | a circle of massive upright sandstone blocks capped with lintels set up in the central area of stonehenge |
| trilithons | pairs of upright sandstone blocks capped with lintels at stonehenge located within the sarsen circle |
| phase 3c-f | rearranging bluestones and digging holes |
| the avenue | guide road between avon river and stonehenge |
| the cursus | raised earthen platform that runs 3km East-West |
| Easter Island | Fighting leaders. Depletion of resources. Violence. |
| Stonehenge location | Salisbury plain |
| Time range of stonehenge's construction? | Late neolithic (3500)-early bronze (5000) |
| Phase 1 stonehenge | earthwork circle |
| phase 2 stonehenge | burials and timber structure |
| phase 3 stonehenge | stone movement |
| phase 3a stonehenge | bluestones |
| bluestones | a ring of standing stones at the center of stonehenge. the source of the stones is over 240 kilometers from stonehenge |
| phase 3b stonehenge | sarsen circle and trilithons |
| sarsen circle | a circle of massive upright sandstone blocks capped with lintels set up in the central area of stonehenge |
| trilithons | pairs of upright sandstone blocks capped with lintels at stonehenge located within the sarsen circle |
| phase 3c-f | rearranging bluestones and digging holes |
| the avenue | guide road between avon river and stonehenge |
| the cursus | raised earthen platform that runs 3km East-West |
| durrington walls | a site on the avon river near stonehenge with 3 monumental timber circles and evidence of occupaiton |
| amesbury archer | a burial with a range of burial goods, found near stonehenge |
| stonehenge context | religious, possibly celestial. people who built it were agriculturalists and cattle raisers. possible chiefdom |
| stonehenge meaning | ritual function/celestial arrangement. perhaps the long-term unfolding of a society's relationship to the landscape. fusion of nature and culture. |
| durrington walls vs stonehenge | walls- occupation, timber circle, 3b, living stonehenge - no occupation, stone circle, ancestral |
| chaco canyon | a canyon in new mexico that became the center of a regional settlement network and the site of the construction of large multistoried structures, known as Great Houses, beginning around AD 800 |
| great houses | large, multistoried structures located at chaco canyon, new mexico, that became the center of a regional settlement network beginning around AD 800 |
| pueblo bonito | a massive 650-room complex, the largest Great House in chaco canyon |
| kivas | subterranean circular chambers found on sites in the american southwest |
| how many people did snake town have at its height (AD700)? | 300-600 |
| what culture resided in snake town? | hohokam |
| what is the 4 corners region | where arizona, new mexico, utah and colorado meet |
| when was pueblo bonito abandoned? | 750 yrs ago |
| when was pueblo bonito built? | AD 800- AD 1100 |
| what is pueblo bonito function? | ceremonial center (evidenced by n<100) |
| Berms | piles of ceramics, ceremonial not every day |
| evidence of elite in pueblo bonito | scale of construction, room 33 (turquoise) and 38 (beads, pendants, mosaic) |
| chacoan network | a road system that links chaco canyon with sites covering a large part of what is today the four corners region of the american southwest |
| chaco trade evidence | goods in rooms 33 & 38, network of roads, non-local food |
| chaco rise | perhaps fear of crop failure, trade as a buffer. perhaps surplus, trade as competition |
| chaco fall | AD1130 bad drought, ceased building and trade |
| grand plaza | an artificially cleared and leveled area at the core of cahokia located just to the south of monk's mound |
| Cahokia | on MS river, near St. Louis, poor preservation, dispersed living areas, known as Monk's Mound |
| mound 72 | a mound at cahokia where an excavation uncovered an individual buried on a bird-shaped platform made of shells, as well as mass burials of apparently sacrificial victims |
| inequality at cahokia | between 1,000-10,000 people, cheifdom approaching statehood, mound 72, small concentration of wealth |
| feasting at cahokia | botanical and fawnal remains + pottery, quantity = huge feasts (30,000 people). birds. woodhenge. |
| great zimbabwe | a large settlement in modern zimbabwe that includes the remains of impressive stone enclosures and was built between AD 1300 and AD 1400 |
| dhaka | a mixture of clay and gravel that was used for building huts at great zimbabwe |
| great zimbabwe layout | built AD 1300-1400, agriculture cattle and gold, dhaka, frequently rebuilt stone structures Hill complex - ritual function (20 huts) Great Enclosure - 40 huts |
| great zimbabwe organization | non-defensive walls, unclear rule, mapungubwe, trade, rain-making |
| magpugubwe | a predecessor of great zimbabwe, located in south africa, it features an elite residence situated within a walled compound |
| Stonehenge, Pueblo Bonito, Cahokia, Great Zimbabwe | all stratified (or ranked), chiefdoms, elites organized labor |
Created by:
haleyBUGoxox
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