Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Path2CumulativeRevie
CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Cumulative Review Dec 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteoporosis is a metabolic disorder characterized by? | Reduced bone mass |
| In osteoporosis, the ratio of mineral matrix is (abnormal or normal)? | Normal |
| Osteoporosis: as bones lose calcium and phosphate, they become ? | Porous, brittle 'n vulnerable to frac |
| What factors influence bone mass and rate of bone loss in osteoporosis? | Genetic, Estrogen, Age, Calcium intake, Exercise and general environment |
| Bone mass is greater in (blacks or whites) and in (males or females). | Blacks, males |
| At what stage in life will the levels of estrogen change in women? | post menopause |
| At what age does the rate of bone loss begin to exceed the rate of bone formation (in other words "net loss") | Age 40 |
| If calcium intake is low, where will the body find the necessary calcium? | stored calcium found in the trabeculae of the bones |
| Why is exercise important in general and with regards to the onset of osteoporosis specifically? | weight bearing exercise helps increase bone mass |
| What is one of the most significant environmental factors in the onset of reduced bone mass? | Smoking decreases estrogen levels = bone loss |
| Compression factures of the vertebral bodies is a common complication of osteoporosis and may form what is called a __________? | dowager's hump (a rounding of the thoracic vertebrae) |
| What treatments have been found to be successful in arresting osteoporosis? | None - there is no cure. Treament is aimed at prevention of future fracs |
| Describe the condition: osteomyelitis. | It is an inflammation of the bone and marrow |
| Adolescent hyperkyphosis is also known as? | Scheuermann's disease |
| Describre Scheuermann's disease. | a growth disturbance of the epiphyseal plates anteriorly in the thoracic spine which results in hyperkyphosis |
| At what age and demographic does Scheuermann's become apparent? | puberty and mostly in boys |
| Scheuermann's: The child has (elevated or rounded) shoulders and (rotated or hunched) T spine. | rounded and hunched forward |
| True or False: Scheuermann's is successfully treated with hormone replacement therapy. | False - the condition is self-limiting (i.e. resolves itself) |
| Treatment for Scheuermann's is aimed at: | preventing progressive thoracic hyperkyphosis = postural exercises and possible a brace |
| A partial avulsion of the tibial tubercle with subsequent avascular necrosis = | Osgood-Schlatter's disease |
| Osgood-Schlatter's clinically presents as local pain which is aggravated by: | kneeling, climbing stairs and running |
| True or False: Osgood-Schlatter's is successfully treated by surgery to the patellar tendon. | False - Osgood-Schlatters's is self-limiting |
| The aim of treatment in Osgood-Schlatter's: | rest (time for healing) and stretching the quadriceps mechanism |
| Fracs: a fracture occuring due to repetitive stresses = | stress or fatique fracture |
| Fracs: fracture line 45' to the long axis = | Oblique fracture |
| Fracs: a fracture that does not break the skin = | Simple / Closed fracture |
| Fracs: tearing away of a portion of bone by forceful mm/ligament pulling = | Avulsion fracture |
| Fracs: fracture of a diseased bone, the abnormal bone is weaker due to an underlying disease process = | Pathological fracture |
| Fracs: one fracture segment telscopes into the other = | Impacted |
| Stress frac of the 2nd & 3rd metatarsals due to repeated striking of the foot (as in marching) | March fracture |
| distal fibula frac, located approx 6-7 cm above the lat maleolus - usually with disruption of distal tibiofibular lig = | Pott's fracture |
| Fracs: a fracture that breaks the skin and communicates with the outside = | Compound fracture |
| Bursting frac of the atlas, where ant and post arches are displaced laterally. Due to compression force applied thru top of skull = | Jefferson's fracture |
| frac of distal radius with post angulation of the distal segment. Mechanise - fall on outstretched, extended hand = | Colle's fracture |
| avulsion of the proximal end of the styloid process fo the 5th metatarsal = | Jone's (Dance) fracture |
| frac of the distal radius with ant angulation of the distal segment. Mechanism - direct blow or fall with wrist in hyperflexion = | Smith's fracture |
| Tumors: aka cancer = | Malignant |
| Tumors: grow as expansile mass remaining localized to their site of origin = | Benign |
| Tumors: cells that resemble the normal cells = | differentiated (benign) |
| Tumors: tumors formed at locations distant from the primary tumor = | Metastases (malignant) |
| Tumors: slow growing neoplasms that do not necessarily infiltrate adjacent tissues = | Benign |
| What mechanism causes pain the MM's during exercise? | mm ischemia produces build up of lactic acid in extracellular fluid = pain |
| Tumors: fast growing disorganized neoplasms that may infiltrate surrounding tissues = | DOMS |
| Tumors: differentiated | Benign |
| Tumors: lacks differentiation | Malignant |
| Tumors: another name for "lacks differentiation" = | anaplasia |
| Tumors: cells that resemble the normal cells = | differentiated (benign) |
| What causes pain felt only hours after exercise = | mechanical damage to mm caused by eccentric mm loading - microtearing of the mm's |
| What is another name for Lou Gehrig's Disease? | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| ALS is a disease of the _______? | Motor Neurons |
| ALS is characterized by a loss of motor neurons in ___? | Both the cerebral cortex and the spinal cord |
| ALS is a disease of the (upper or lower) motor neurons? | Both upper and lower |
| In ALS, what happens to the senory neurons? | They are not affected and thus no sensory changes are noted. Coordination and intellect also remain unaffected by ALS |
| What is the typical initial complaint when ALS presents? | weakness in one of the limbs (usually the hands) |
| True or False: ALS is self-limiting. | False: ALS is progressive and ultimately leads to death. |
| Defective neuromuscular transmission of acetylcholine across the motor endplates of skeletal muscles = | Myasthenia Gravis |
| The most common muscles affected by Myasthenia Gravis? | extraocular, facial, tongue and extremity muscles |
| Myasthenia Gravis: Blocking of the binding of acetylcholine causes muscles to become? | Weak and easily fatigued |
| Myasthenia Gravis is a (continuously progressive or relapsing/remitting) type of disorder. | Relapsing/remitting |
| With myasthenia gravis, there is a marked absence of mm atrophy - unlike what other disease? | ALS |
| A condition characterized by reactive bone formation in muscles as a result of injury? | Myositis Ossificans |
| What is the usual cause of myositis ossificans? | blunt trauma to the muscl and soft tissue |
| What is the best treatment for mysositis ossificans? | use R.I.C.E. to reduce blood flow to area and prevent tendency of healing cells to differentiate into bone cells. |
| CI's for Myositis Ossificans include: | massage applied too soon, active/passive stretching applies to soon, heat and active use of injured MM |
| Fibromyalgia: widespread aching of more than how many months duration? | 3 months |
| Fibromyalgia: local tenderness at how many of how many tender points? | 11 of 18 tender points |
| Fibromyalgia: Marked skinfold tenderness in what region of the body? | over the upper scapular region |
| Fibromyalgia: diagnosis includes (normal or abnormal) lab results? | normal results - eliminating any other possible causes |
| Fibromyalgia: disturbed sleep pattern with stiffness and fatigue in the ( evening or morning) | morning |
| After exercise - pain that is not felt for hours after is called? | Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) |
| Fracs: fracture line is 45' to the long axis | Oblique fracture |
Created by:
Hanz Onn
Popular Massage Therapy sets