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Path2 Lec 8 Assgnmt

CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Lec 8 Assignment & Review

QuestionAnswer
Regarding CNS infections: Infection of the brain is known as: Encephalitis
Regarding CNS infections: Infection of the meninges is called: Meningitis
Meningitis affects which two layers of the meninges? Pia mater and arachnoid mater
Name the four major routes for entry or infections into the CNS: Hemotagenous spread, Direct implantation, local extension and via the peripheral nervous system
Most cases of encephalitis are: bacterial or viral? Viral
Signs and symptoms of encephalitis: fever and nuchal rigidity
Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by: bacteria or virus? virus
Aseptic meningitis is usually caused by viral infection from which virus family? Enterovirus (same family as common cold)
What is another name for aseptic meningitis? Viral meningitis
Which type of meningitis is more severe - viral or bacterial? Bacterial
Is aseptic meningitis treated with antibiotics? No - it is generally self-limitiing
What is another name for pyogenic meningitis? Bacterial meningitis
Over the age of 5 - which is the most common agent of infection for pyogenic meningitis? Streptococcus pneumonia (S. pneumonia) as opposed to Hemophilus pneumonia under age 5.
Describe cause of Reye's syndrome: hepatic (liver) failure following an acute viral infection linked to aspirin ingestion.
True or False: Shingles is a latent infection that lies dormant in the ventral root ganglion. False - it lies dormant in the dorsal root ganglion.
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: Severe pain located unilaterally behind/around the eye. Cluster
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: The most common type of headache seen by practitioners. Tension
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: Pain is located bilaterally in the "hatband" distribution. Tension
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: May have the presence of an aura (i.e. photophobia) Migraine
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: Has a cyclical timetable and attacks are brief but intense. Cluster
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: Pain is unilateral, pulsatile and throbbing in nature. Migraine
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: At time of attack patient will seek a dark and quiet place to rest. Migraine
Migraine, Cluster or Tension: Responds well to non-pharmacological techniques such as massage. Tension
What is considered to be the hallmark of multiple sclerosis? White matter plaques
True or False: L'Hermitte's sign is a diagnostic test used to test for multiple sclerosis? True
Signs of bacterial meningitis. Neck stiffness = nuchal rigidity
Signs of bacterial meningitis. Hip and knee flexion when neck is flexed = Brudzinski's sign
Signs of bactieral meningitis. Sensitivity to light = photophobia
What infection predisposes one to herpes zoster (shingles)? A chicken pox B measles C hepatitis D sexually transmitted disease Chicken pox
MS - usually the first complaint to arise? blurred vision
MS - loss of muscle strength damage to corticospinal tract
MS - myelin breakdown and scarring plaques
MS - loss of coordination and balance damage to cerebellar tracts
MS - electric shock sensation into back when neck is flexed L'Hermitte's sign
What is the most common means of entry for pathogens into the CNS? Hematogenous spread (thru the blood stream - crossing the blood-brain barrier)
S&S of pyogenic (bacterial) meningitis: fever, chills, malaise, nuchal rigidity, headache, photophobia + neurological impairment = vomiting, seizures and clouding of consciousness
Tests for meningitis may include a spinal tap. AT what level of the spine is the lumbar puncture performed? L4 - L5
An inflammation of the brain parenchyma is called? Encephalitis
Reye's syndrome is a childhood illness that causes (inflammatory or non-inflammatory) encephalopathy with hepatic failure? non-inflammatory
Etiology of Reye's is unknown, but it often follows an acute viral infection along with what? Aspirin use. Rule - esp with children (to age 18) - never use aspirin if a fever is present
Shingles is caused by which virus? varicella - zoster virus
Varicella- zoster virus causes which other disease? Chick pox
Describe multiple sclerosis: A chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS in which there are plaques found thru-out the white matter.
There are two classes of headache according to cause - what are they? Primary and secondary
Which are the most common types of headaches: primary or secondary? Primary - includes: migraine, tension, cluster
What differentiates a classic from a common migraine? The classic migraine begins with an aura.
Which type of migraine accounts for more cases? Common migraine = approx 85% of all cases of migraine
What causes or accompanies the aura phase: vasoconstriction or vasodilation? Vasoconstriction
What causes or accompanies the actual migraine heachache phase: vascoconstriction or vasodilation? Vasodilation
What is common in the post-headache phase of a migraine? edema, tenderness to skull on the side of the attack and client feels exhausted
Ophthalmoplegic migraine is a complicated form of migraine occuring due to the paralysis of which cranial nerve? CN 3 - Oculomotor Nerve
Ophthalmoplegic migraine is unilateral and pulsatile along with what S & S? extraocular paralysis, ptosis and pulillary changes.
What can opthalmoplegic migraine be easily confused with? Carotid artery aneurysm
Tension Type Head Ache (TTHA) is the most common or least commong headache to affect clients? most common
TTHA is (commonly or infrequently) found in children? infrequent in children
TTHA includes the hatband distribution and is usually (bilateral or unilateral) in the temples? Bilateral
Created by: Hanz Onn
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