Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Path2 Lec 7 Assgnmt
CanColl May 2012 Path 2 Lec 7 Assgnmt Dec 2011
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Breakdown of a peripheral nervous system (PNS) neuron, distal to the site of injury. | Wallerian degeneration |
| Swelling of the neural cell body, which indicates active protein synthesis in an attempt to repair an injured nerve. | Chromatolysis |
| Degeneration of a neuron without inciting an inflammatory reaction. | Simple neural atrophy |
| Cells responsible for theproduction of new myelin in the PNS | Schwann cells |
| True or False: The regeneration of myelin results in complete, normal restoration of nerve impulse transmission. | False - see notes |
| List three variations of spina bifida. | occulta, menningocele, myelomenningocele |
| Which type of spina bifida is the least (neurologically) problematic? | occulta |
| Which type of spina bifida is the most problematic (neurologically)? | myelomenningocele |
| Non-communicating hydrocephalus is also known as? | Obstructive |
| Non-communicating hyrdrocephalus involves obstruction of which system: vascular or ventricular? | Ventricular |
| Obstructive hydrocephalus prevents CSF from reaching what area or structure? | Arachnoid villi |
| Communicating hydrocephalus results due to a disruption of the CSF flow: before or after it has exited the ventricular system? | After |
| With communicating hydrocephalus, there there is impaired (reabsorption or obstruction) from the arachnoid villi? | reabsorption |
| With hydrocephalus, do the ventricles become shrunken or dilated? | dilated |
| If hydrocephalus occurs before the skull sutures have formed, what will occur? | enlarged head |
| If hydrocephalus results in an enlarged head, are there any intracranial pressure sign present? | No |
| Hydrocephalus in adults will cause? | intracranial pressure signs |
| The main signs of intracranial pressure are? | Headaches and vomiting |
| True or false: Cerebral thrombosis usually has a gradual onset, whereas cerebral embolism usually has a sudden onset. | True |
| Herniation of the brainstem & cerebellum thru the foramen magnum is A syringomyelia B hydrocephalus C Arnold-Chiari malformation D subdural hematoma | Arnold-Chiari malformation |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? Fracture of the temporal bone. | Epidural |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? Bleeding from tearing of the bridging veins affects which system? | Subdural |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? develops between the arachnoid and the pia mater | Subarachnoid |
| Epidural, subdural or subarachnoid? Develops between the dura and the arachnoid mater | Subdural |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? Develops between the skull and the dura mater. | Epidural |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? Initially asymptomatic followed by rapid deterioration and prob death in 24 - 48 hrs | Epidural |
| Epidural, Subdural or Subarachnoid? Ruptured berry aneurysm. | Subarachnoid |
| True or False? For a coup contre-coup head injury, the coup occurs at the site of impact, whereas the contre-coup occurs on the opposite side. | True |
| What is the main dif between how ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes occur? | Ischemic - blocked blood vessel = obstruction Hemorrhagic - ruptured blood vessel = bleeding |
| A vascular condition in which a capillary bed is lacking:A subdural hematoma B telengiectasia C hydrocephalus D AV malformation | AV Malformation |
| The functional unit of the CNS is? | The neuron |
| Diseases affecting the axon and the myelin sheath (together) leads to? | Axonal degeneration |
| Diseases affecting Schwann cells or the myelin sheath only (not the axon) lead to? | Segmental degeneration |
| In segmental degeneration, remyelination can occur - with what results? | The remyelinated area has shorter internodal lengths and the myelin layer is thinner than normal. |
| Describe spina bifida. | Spina bifida is a defect in the closure of the posterior aspect of the vertebral column. |
| WHat is the most common form of Spina Bifida? | Myelomeningocele |
| What is the most common region affected by Syringomelia? | Cervical Spine |
| What are the most common signs and symptoms of syringomyelia? | Bilateral loss of pain & temp sensation of upper arms and chest = cape-like sensory deficits. |
| Describe Arnold-Chiari Malformation: | Condition in which the brain stem and cerebellum herniate into the formen magnum.(Brain stem says: I'll be back!) |
| Obstruction of the flow of CSF in the brain resulting in an accumulation of fluid in the skull is called? | Hydrocephalus |
| Pathological changes associated with both types of hydrocephalus? | cerebral hemispheres become enlarged and the ventricle become dilated. |
| What can distinguish between acute subdural and epidural hematoma? | With subdural hematoma - the patient does not regain consciousness ( as is usually the case with epidural). It also has a higher mortality rate. |
| Describe decerebrate posturing. | arms are rigid and extended with palms turned away from the body & fixed/dilated pupils |
| The most common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage? | Rupture of a berry aneurysm. |
| Berry aneurysms are thin-walled outpouchings of the walls of veins or arteries? | Arterial walls |
| Where do berry aneurysms commonly occur? | At arterial bifurcation along the circle of Willis. |
| Describe the most common site for a berry aneurysm to occur. | At the branching point between the anterior cerebral artery and the anterior communicating artery. (aunt sara ain't communicating) |
| Sudden excruciating headache (the worst headache they ever had) is a hallmark for? | Rupture of a berry aneurysm |
| Headache, irritability, insomnia, poor concentration and dec memory after a head injury is called? | Postconcussion syndrome |
| Often associated with head injuries - a neurological manifestation called aphasia means: | difficulty speaking |
| Which cranial nerves innervate the diaphragm? | C3, C4 and C5 - keep the diaphragm alive.... |
| Spinal cord injuries. Transection at C1 = | no control of head, neck, diaphragm (require resp ventilation), paralyzed from neck down. No use of arms and legs. |
| Spinal cord injuries. Transection at C4 = | good head, neck and diaphragm motor control. Paralyzed from neck down. No arm movement |
| Spinal cord injuries. Transection at C8 = | Arms o.k.but paralyzed lower extremities. Paraplegia. |
| Spinal cord injuries. Transection at C4 or above = | Quadriplegia |
| Describe hemisection of the spinal cord: | partial transection of either the left or right side of the cord. |
| Damage of the posterior (dorsal) column (DCML) will produce a loss of: | Proprioception and discriminative touch - on IPSILATERAL side to the injury. |
| Damage to the lateral corticospinal track will result in: | Paralysis (lack of motor Fx) - IPSILATERAL to the injury. |
| Damage to the spinothalamic tract will produce loss of: | pain & temp sensations - CONTRALATERALLY to the injury |
| With spinal cord injury - ipsi paralysis, ipsi loss of proprioception and discrimminative touch along with contra loss of pain & temp = is known as? | Brown-Sequard Syndrome |
| The most common and most clinically significant congenital vascular malformation? | AV Malformation |
| Lack of capillary bed - means arteries link directly to veins without a buffer. | AV Malformation |
| Describe the problem caused by AV malformation. | Direct from hi pressure artery to low pressure veins - predisposes to vascular rupture. |
| What types of outcomes are common with AV malformation? | strokes, seizures, headaches, progressive neurologic deficits (e.g. learning disabilities) |
| Which is the most common type of stroke? | Ischemic (obstruction) 70 -80% |
| Main causes of ischemic stroke? | obstruction by thrombus or embolus |
| A clot of blood or formed element that is attached to the wall of the blood vessel - frequently obstructing circulation: | Thrombus |
| A clot of blood or other substance that circulates in teh bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel, obstructing the circulation: | Embolus |
| The most common symptoms of stroke: | Weakness/sensory impariment of the face, vision disturbances, aphasia, slurred speech, sudden imbalance. |
Created by:
Hanz Onn
Popular Massage Therapy sets