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Endocrine System
Glands
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Growth Hormone (GH) (anterior lobe of pituitary) | stimulates growth by promoting protein synthesis |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) (anterior lobe of pituitary) | Increases secretion of thyroid hormone. Increases size of thyroid gland |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) (anterior lobe of pituitary) | Increases secretion of adrenocortical hormones, especially glucocorticoids, such as cortisol |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) (anterior lobe of pituitary) | Follicle maturation and estrogen secretion in females, spermatogenesis in males |
| Luteinizing Hormone (LH) also called Interstitital Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH) in males [anterior lobe of pituitary] | Ovulation; progesterone production and testosterone production |
| Prolactin (anterior lobe of pituitary) | Stimulates milk production |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) (posterior lobe of pituitary) | Increases water reabsorption (decreases water lost in urine) |
| Oxytocin (posterior lobe of pituitary) | Increases uterine contractions; stimulates ejection of milk from mammary gland |
| Thyroid Gland Hormones | Throxine and triidothyronine |
| Function of Thyroid Gland | Increases metabolic rate; essential for normal growth and development |
| Calcitonins (Thyroid Gland) | Decreases blood calcium by bone breakdown and releasing calcium. Antagonistic to parathyroid hormone |
| Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) (Parathyroid Gland) | Increases blood calcium by bone breakdown and release of calcium. increases calcium absorption in digestrive tract; decreases calcium lost in urine |
| Adrenal Cortex Gland | increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in kidney tubules; increases water retention |
| What are the Adrenal Cortex hormones? | Mineralocorticoids, Glucocorticoids (cortisol), Androgens and Estrogens |
| What is the function of Glucocorticoids (cortisol)? | Increases blood glucose levels |
| What is function of Androgens and Estrogens? | Secretes in small amounts so that effect is generally masked by hormones from ovaries and testies |
| What are the hormones of the Adrenal Medulla Gland? | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| Functions of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine? | Helps cope with stress, increases heart rate and BP; increases blood flow and increases blood glucose level |
| What are Hormones of Pancreas (islets of Langerhans) Gland? | Glucagon and Insuline |
| What is function of Glucagon? | increases breakdown of glycogen to increase blood glucose levels |
| What is function of Insulin? | Decreases blood glucose levels |
| What is the Testes Gland hormone? | Testosterone |
| What is the function of Testosterone? | Maturation and maintenance of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics |
| What are the Hormones of the Ovaries Gland? | Estrogen and Progesterone |
| What is the function of Estrogen? | Maturation and maintenance of femal reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics; menstrual cycle |
| What is the function of Progesterone? | Prepares uterus for pregnancy; stimulates development of mammary gland; menstrual cycle |
| What is the hormone of the Pineal Gland? | Melatonin |
| What is the function of Melatonin? | Inhibits gonadotropin-releasing hormone which inhibits reproductive functions, daily rhythems, such as sleep and wakefulness |
| Medication for Hypothyroidism | Lavoxyl |
| Medication for Hyperthyroidism | Prednisone |
| Medication for Goiter in Neck | Prednisone |
| Medication for Type I Diabetes | Insulin |
| Medication for Type II Diabetes | Glucophage or Metforman |
| List Diuretics | HCTZ, Lasix, Furosemide Natural Diuretic is caffeine |
| Superiferous | Sweating profusely |
| Acromegaly | Extremely large bones in face & hands (Excess amount of GH) |
| HCG | Present in pregnant womens uteruses |
| Cortex | Outer Layer |
| Medulla | Inner Layer |
| Diabetes Inspidus | Large quantity of dilute urine (polyuria) and great thirst (polydipsia) |
| Two Regions of Pituitary Gland | Anterior (Adenohypophysis) and Posterior (Neurohypophysis) |
| What does Endocrine glands secrete? | Hormones |
| How is Pituitary Gland connected to Hypothalamus? | By a slender stalk called the infundibulum |
| Diuretic | Helps you lose fluids (Treats high BP, edema, CHF because they remove fluids from body) |
| Anti Diuretic | Helps body retain fluids |
| Hypoglycemia | Low Blood Sugar |
| TSH | Thyroid Stimulating Hormone |
| What are the Thyroid Hormones | Thyroxine (95) and Triiodothyronine (5%) |
| Cretinism | Condition where person is a mentally retarded dwarf with abnormal skeletal features |
| What happens if blood glucose is too low? | Nervous System does not function properly |
| What happens if blood glucise is too high? | Kidneys product large quantities of urine and dehydration may result |
| GnRH | Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone |
| Endocrine Gland | Gland that secretes its products directly into the blood |
| Exocrine Gland | Gland that secretes its product to a surface or cavity through ducts |
| Hormone | Substance secreted by an endocrine gland |
| Adenohypophysis | Anterior portion of the pituitary gland |
| Neurohypophysis | Posterior portion of the pituitary gland |
| Target Tissue | A tissue (cells) that responds to a particular hormone because it has receptor sites for that hormone |
Created by:
dcarafa
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