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Chp. 11 Respiratory
CHP 11 - THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Inspection | visual examination of the external surface of the body as well as of its movements & posture |
| Palpation | the process of examining by application of the hands or fingers to the external surface of the body to detect evidence of disease or abnormalities in the various organs. |
| Auscultation | process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition or to detect fatal heart sounds. |
| Percussion | use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size, & consistency of an underlying structure & the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity. |
| Adenoids | Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx. |
| Alveoli | air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma |
| Apex of Lung | the upper portion of the lung, rising about 2.5 to 5 cm above the collarbone. |
| Inspection | |
| Palpation | |
| process of listening for sounds within the body, usually to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera, to detect some abnormal condition or to detect fatal heart sounds. | |
| Diaphragm | the musculomembranous wall seperating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. |
| Percussion | use of the fingertips to tap the body lightly but sharply to determine position, size, & consistency of an underlying structure & the presence of fluid or pus in a cavity. |
| Epiglottis | thin leaf-shaped structure located immediately posterior to the root of the tongue; covers the entrance of the larynx when the individual swallows. |
| Lymphatic tissue forming a prominence on the wall of the recess of the nasopharynx. | |
| Larynx | the enlarged upper end of the trachea below the root of the tongue; the voice box. |
| air cells of the lungs; known as the pulmonary parenchyma | |
| Nares | external nostrils. |
| Apex of Lung | |
| Bronchi | the two main branches leading from the trachea to the lungs, providing the passageway for air movement. |
| Bronchiole | one of the smaller subdivisions of the bronchial tubes. |
| Diaphragm | the musculomembranous wall seperating the abdomen from the thoracic cavity. |
| external nostrils. | |
| Nasopharynx | part of the pharynx located above the soft palate (postnatal space) |
| Visceral Pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs. |
| Paranasal Sinuses | hollow areas or cavities within the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity. |
| Apnea | a temporary cessation of breathing; "without breathing" |
| Pharynx | passageway for air from nasal cavity to larynx and food from mouth to esophagus. Serves both the respiratory and digestive systems; the throat. |
| Bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing. |
| Pleura | the double-folded membrane that lines the thoracic cavity. |
| Cough | forceful & sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration. |
| Thorax | the chest; the part of the body between the base of the neck & the diaphragm. |
| Dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness. |
| Trachea/Windpipe | a cylinder-shaped tube lined with rings of cartilage (to keep it open) that is 4.5 inches long, from the larynx to the bronchial tubes; the windpipe. |
| Dyspnea | air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. |
| Visceral Pleura | portion of the pleura that is closest to the internal organs. |
| Epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed. |
| Apnea | a temporary cessation of breathing; "without breathing" |
| Bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing. |
| Cough | forceful & sometimes violent expiratory effort preceded by a preliminary inspiration. |
| Dysphonia | difficulty in speaking; hoarseness. |
| Dyspnea | air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. |
| Epistaxis | hemorrhage from the nose; nosebleed. |
| Expectoration | the act of spitting out saliva or coughing up materials from the air passageways leading to the lungs |
| Hemoptysis | expectoration of blood arising from the oral cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi, or lungs. |
| Kussmaul Respirations | very deep, gasping type of respiration associated with severe diabetic acidosis. |
| Orthopnea | respiratory condition in which there is discomfort in breathing in any but erect, sitting, or standing position. |
| Rales | abnormal sound heard on auscultation of the chest, produced by passage of air through bronchi that contain secretion or exudate or that are constricted by spasm or a thickening of their walls, also known as crackle. |
| Rhinorrhea | thin, watery discharge from the nose. |
| Rhonchi | rales or rattlings in the throat, especially when it resembles snoring. |
| Sneeze | to expel air forcibly through the nose and mouth by spasmodic contraction of muscles of expiration due to irritation of nasal mucosa. |
| Stridor | harsh sound during respiration; high pitches & resembling the blowing of wind, due to obstruction of air passages. |
| Tachypnea | abnormal rapidity of breathing. |
| Wheeze | whistling sound or sighing sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of a respiratory passageway. |
| Coryza | inflammation of the respiratory mucous membranes known as rhinitison the common cold. |
| Croup | childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, hoarseness, tachypnea, inspiratory, stridor, and laryngeal spasm. |
| Laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx, usually resulting in dysphonia (hoarseness), cough, and difficulty swallowing. |
| Pertussis | an acute upper respiratory infectious disease, caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis "whooping cough". |
| Pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx, usually resulting in sore throat. |
| Rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, usually resulting in obstruction of the nasal passages, rhinorrhea, sneezing, and facial pressure or pain, also known as coryza. |
| Sinusitis | inflammation of a sinus, especially a paranasal sinus. |
| Tonsillitis | inflammation of the palatine tonsils, located in the area of the oropharynx. |
| Asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea accompanied by wheezing caused by spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of their mucous membrane. |
| Bronchitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. infection is often preceded by the common cold. |
| Bronchogenic Carcinoma | malignant lung tumor that originates in the bronchi; lung cancer. |
| Emphysema | chronic pulmonary disease characterized by increase beyond the normal size of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchiole, either from dilation of the alveoli or from destruction of their walls. |
| Pleuritis/Pleurisy | inflammation of both the visceral and perietal pleura. |
| Pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused primarily by bacteria, viruses & chemical irritants. |
| Pneumothorax | a collection of air or gas in the pleural cavity. the air enters as the result of a perforation through the chest wall or the pleura covering the lung (visceral pleura), causing the lung to collapse. |
| Pulmonary Edema | swelling of the lungs cause by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the lungs, either in the alveoli or the interstitial spaces. |
| Pulmonary Embolism | the obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries by a thrombus (clot) that dislodges from another location and is carried through the venous system to the vessels of the lung. |
| Pulmonary Heart Disease/Cor Pulmonale | hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart (with or without failure) resulting from disorders of the lungs, pulmonary vessels, or chest wall; heart failure resulting from pulmonary disease. |
| Tubeerculosis | infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis and characterized by inflammatory infiltrations, formation of tubercles, and caseous (cheeselike) necrosis in the tissues of the lungs. |
| Anthracosis | accumulation of carbon deposits in the lungs due to breathing smoke or coal dust (black lung disease); also called coal worker's pneumonconiosis. |
| Asbestosis | lung disease resulting from inhalation of asbestos particles. |
| Byssinosis | lung disease resulting from inhalation of cotton, flax, and hemp; also known as brown lung disease. |
| Silicosis | lung disease resulting from inhalation of silica (quartz) dust, characterized by formation of small nodules. |
| Bronchoscopy | examination of the interior of the bronchi using a lighted, flexible tube known as a bronchoscope (or endoscope) |
| Chest X-ray | use of high-energy electromagnetic waves passing through the body onto a photographic film, to produce a picture of the internal structures of the body for diagnosis & therapy. |
| Laryngoscopy | examination of the interior of the larynx using a lighted, flexible tube known as a laryngscope (or endoscope). |
| Pulmonary Function Tests | physicians use this variety of tests to assess respiratory function. |
| Thoracentesis | involves the use of a needle to collect pleural fluid for laboratory analysis, or to remove excess pleural fluid or air from the pleural space. |
Created by:
kmariemurray
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