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Roman Empire1
Roman Empire Notes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Octavian? | Caesar's adopted son |
| What did Octavian fight for? | power |
| While Octavian was fighting for power, how long did the civil war last? | 17 years |
| Who was Marc Antony? | He was Octavian's main rival. He was vengeful, determined, and powerful. |
| Who won the Battle of Actium? | Octavian |
| Who was Octavian crowned as? | Princeps (first citizen) |
| What did Octavian end? | the civil war |
| What did Octavian bring? | a period of peace (Pax Romana) |
| What does "Augustus" mean? | respected one |
| Who was Augustus considered as? | the first Roman emperor |
| What did Augustus build and fix? | 82 temples |
| Why did Augustus have temples fixed or built? | to give people jobs |
| Was Augustus feared or like? | both |
| What did Augustus institute? | 1st police force and fire brigade |
| What did Augustus give all Italians? | Roman citizenship and benefits, the right to become senators, and encouraged intermarriage |
| What did Augustus create? | a standing army |
| What did the standing army do and what did they do when they were free? | they were deployed to the borders and they were building when not defending |
| What did Augustus do to the army? | He levied taxes |
| What did Augustus do to the government? | He gave power to local ares and made provincial rich happy. |
| How many territories were outside of Italy? | about 40 |
| What did each territory have? | They had a governor |
| How did people become governors and what did they do? | They were chosen by governors and kept order and collected taxes |
| How long did expansion continue in Rome? | into the Imperial period for about 200 years |
| How many people were in the empire by 117 AD? | about 60 million |
| Which mystery religion grew and what were their gods? | The cults grew and their gods were osiris and isis. |
| What did people began to use religion for? | personal gain |
| What did the poor people want help from? | religion |
| What did most people want from religion? | an afterlife |
| Who did people worship under Augustus? | Roman Civic gods |
| Who were Roman Gods? | Greek gods with different names |
| What did the Roman Civic gods do? | They unified the empire for a time. |
| What did Augustus let locals do? | He let them govern themselves, become senators, and sometimes emperors. |
| What was a local religion? | Judaism |
| What did Jews follow? | the old testament teachings and the ten commandments |
| Who did the early Christians follow? | Jesus |
| What did the early Christians see Jesus as and what did he do? | He was seen as a prophet and he performed miracles. |
| Who did Jesus preach charity to? | the poor |
| What did the Romans do to Jesus? | They accused him of sedition and had him crucified him. |
| What is seen as a holy city? | Jerusalem |
| What did Christianity have that people like? | an appealing message, miracles, non-materialism, accessible to all, idea of peace |
| Who was a disciple of Jesus and how did he preach for? | Paul and he preached for Jews |
| What did Paul do? | He persecuted Christians, repented and began to follow Jesus teachings, converted non-believers through writing, and he was crucified as a trouble maker. |
| Why did Romans didn't like Christianity? | Didn't act like Romans, they didn't worship Roman gods, idea of sharing, and wouldn't participate in army. |
| Who was Nero and what did he do? | He was an emperor, he started the fire in rome, blamed Christians for the fire, and killed Christians. |
| What did Decius do to Christians? | He called them for sacrifice, and ordered them to be executed. |
| How are martyrs? | people that die for beliefs |
| What did Diocletian do? | He allowed Romans to attack Christians, burned churches and books, broke crosses, and fired Christians. |
| What did Constantine do? | He fought for power against other generals and saw a sign, cross and sun. |
| What did Constantine tell the soldiers to do? | Paint chi-ro on shields and they won the battle. |
| What happened when Christianity was brought into the government? | Non-christians were persecuted and people feared displeasing the Christian god. |
| What is excommunication? | The banning from the church. |
| What did the church use excommunication for? | To scare and punish leaders, and show how much power the church had. |
| Who were pagans? | non-believers of the Christian religion |
| What happened to pagans? | They were persecuted by fanatical Christians and their temples were burned and the people were attacked. |
| Who ended the Pax Romana? | Marcus Aurelius |
| Who was Commodus? | Marcus Aurelius's son and was cruel and unpopular. He was assassinated. |
| What happened when the emperors kept changing? | Inflation went sky-high, attacks from outside tribes, people move from Rome, warfare ruined countryside. |
| What is a command called? | a edict |
| What kind of edict did Diocletian issue? | A limitation of prices, (penalty was death) PLAN FAILED |
| What did Constantine do to the government? | He finished was Diocletian started and moved the capital. |
| What was the new capital of Rome called before and after? | before: Byzantium after: Constantinople |
| Why was Constantinople good for Rome? | centrally located, connected Europe and Asia, easily reached by land and sea, ideal for defense |
| What were the four reasons Rome fell? | decay, economy, political corruption, barbarians |
| What was decay in Rome? | Rome was too big to control, corruption, Roman values didn't matter, cities fell into disrepair |
| Why did the economy in Rome fall? | the Dole, poor management, high taxes, inflation, lavish spending |
| What was the Dole? | free food and entertainment for poor (bread and circuses) |
| What was political corruption in Rome? | never figured how to choose a leader, bought votes, emperor egotism |
| Why did the Barbarians lead to Rome's fall? | invasion grew common and Odovacer sacked Rome |
| Who was Attila the Hun? | He brought Rome to its knees financially and militarily. |
| Who was Odovacer? | He was a Germaic cheif who sacked Rome in 476 AD. |
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